dm_krylov's Journal

школа национализма: источники

Identity formation normatively has its dark and negative side, which throughout life can remain an unruly part of the total identity. Every person and every group harbors a negative identity as the sum of all those identifications and identity fragments which the individual had to submerge in himself as undesirable or irreconcilable or which his group has taught him to perceive as the mark of fatal "difference" in sex role or race, in class or religion. In the event of aggravated crises, an individual (or, indeed, a group) may despair of the ability to contain these negative elements in a positive identity. A specific rage can be aroused wherever identity development thus loses the promise of an assured wholeness: an as yet uncommitted delinquent, if denied any chance of communal integration, may become a "confirmed" criminal. In periods of collective crisis, such potential rage is shared by many and is easily exploited by psychopathic leaders, who become the models of a sudden surrender to total doctrines and dogmas in which the negative identity appears to be the desirable and the dominant one: thus the Nazis fanatically cultivated what the victorious West as well as the more refined Germans had come to decry as "typically German." The rage aroused by threatened identity loss can explode in the arbitrary violence of mobs, or it can--less consciously--serve the efficient destructiveness of the machinery of oppression and war.
Erikson, E.H. (1970). "Identity crisis" in perspective. In E.H. Erikson, Life history and the historical moment.

Этого автора трудно читать из-за его развязной и многословной манеры письма и из-за дремучего фрейдизма, но трудность эта, однако, окупается, т.к. у него находятся ценные и иногда довольно оригинальные мысли и концепции, касающиеся национального сознания.