Midbrain organoids with an SNCA gene triplication display dopamine-dependent alterations in network activity
Human midbrain organoids (hMOs) show promise as a patient-derived model for the study of Parkinson's disease (PD). Yet, much remains unknown about how accurately hMOs recapitulate key features of PD in the human brain. In both PD patients and animal models, disease progression leads to characteristic changes in neural activity throughout the basal ganglia. Here we demonstrate that patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) hMOs harboring a triplication in the SNCA gene, encoding -synuclein, a key protein in PD pathogenesis, can recapitulate PD-associated changes in neural activity. Namely, we observe hyperactive network activity in SNCA triplication hMOs, but not in isogenic, CRISPR-corrected iPSC hMOs. These changes are characterized by an increase in the number of bursts and network-wide bursts. Moreover, SNCA triplication hMOs exhibit an increase in network synchrony and burst/network burst strength similar to observations in animal and human PD brains. Subsequently, we show that the observed changes in neuronal activity are attributed to dopamine D2 receptor hypoactivity due to dopamine depletion, which could be reversed by the D2 receptor agonist quinpirole. Thus, hMOs faithfully model network wide electrophysiological changes associated with PD progression and serve as a promising tool for PD research and personalized medicine.