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Tuesday, August 5th, 2014

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    5:18a
    [BioGeography • 2014] Borneo and Indochina are Major Evolutionary Hotspots for Southeast Asian Biodiversity

    FIGURE 4. Colonization routes of extant Southeast Asian taxa.
    a) Colonization routes inferred from ancestral area estimation (DEC model, Lagrange) for lineages among studied taxa in the pre-Miocene, Miocene, and Plio-Pleistocene (see Material and Methods and Fig. 3 for details). Line-color corresponds to inferred area of origin (see inset map), while line thickness corresponds to number of colonizations; multiple colonizations found for a specific source and destination (e.g., Indochina-Sumatra) from a single dataset are counted once only. See Fig. S14 and S15 for group-specific colonization routes.
    b) Number of emigration (positive bars) and immigration (negative bars) events observed for pre-defined areas in the pre-Miocene, Miocene, and Plio-Pleistocene.

    Abstract

    Tropical Southeast Asia harbors extraordinary species richness and in its entirety comprises four of the Earth's 34 biodiversity hotspots. Here, we examine the assembly of the Southeast Asian biota through time and space. We conduct meta-analyses of geological, climatic and biological (including 61 phylogenetic) datasets to test which areas have been the sources of long-term biological diversity in SE Asia, particularly in the pre-Miocene, Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene, and whether the respective biota have been dominated by in situ diversification, immigration and/or emigration, or equilibrium dynamics. We identify Borneo and Indochina, in particular, as major ‘evolutionary hotspots’ for a diverse range of fauna and flora. While most of the region's biodiversity is a result of both the accumulation of immigrants and in situ diversification, within-area diversification and subsequent emigration have been the predominant signals characterizing Indochina and Borneo's biota since at least the early Miocene. In contrast, colonization events are comparatively rare from younger volcanically active emergent islands such as Java, which show increased levels of immigration events. Few dispersal events were observed across the major biogeographic barrier of Wallace's Line. Accelerated efforts to conserve Borneo's flora and fauna in particular, currently housing the highest levels of Southeast Asian plant and mammal species richness, are critically required.

    Key words: phylogenetics, biogeography, geology, palynology, climate change, ecology


    Mark de Bruyn, Björn Stelbrink, Robert J. Morley, Robert Hall, Gary R. Carvalho, Charles H. Cannon, Gerrit van den Bergh, Erik Meijaard, Ian Metcalfe, Luigi Boitani, Luigi Maiorano, Robert Shoup and Thomas von Rintelen. 2014. Borneo and Indochina are Major Evolutionary Hotspots for Southeast Asian Biodiversity. Systematic Biology. DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syu047

    4:58p
    [Mammalogy • 2014] Myotis midastactus | Golden Myotis | Murciélago vespertino de oro • A New Species of Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from northeastern Bolivia

    Myotis midastactus Moratelli & Wilson, 2014
    Adult female (USNM 584502) captured at Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
     Photograph: Marco Tschapka.

    Abstract
    We describe Myotis midastactus sp. nov. from the Bolivian savanna on the basis of differences in fur color, and cranial and external features that unquestionably distinguish it from all other Neotropical Myotis. This new species is morphologically allied to M. simus Thomas, 1901 and other species in the M. ruber group. Myotis midastactus is endemic to Bolivia, where it occurs with 6 congeners—albescens, dinellii, keaysi, nigricans, riparius, and oxyotus. Previously identified as M. simus, M. midastactus is in syntopy with M. nigricans and M. riparius in the department of Santa Cruz, and there is no evidence that true M. simus occurs in Bolivia.

    Key words:  Myotinae, Myotis simus, Myotis ruber group, Neotropics, South America



    Holotype.— Adult male, AMNH 211156, with skin, complete skull, and postcranial skeleton (Figs. 1 and 2), collected by S. Anderson (field number SA 5871), on 9 September 1965. External and craniodental measurements for the type series are in Table 1.
    Type locality.— Cercado, Río Mamoré, Beni, Bolivia, about ´23 km W of San Javier (148340 S, 648550 W).

    Distribution.— Myotis midastactus is known only from Bolivia, with all records from the departments of El Beni and Santa Cruz

    Etymology.— The name M. midastactus is an allusion to the legend of Midas, the mythical Greek king whose touch turned everything to gold. It is a Latinized word (Gr. Μίδας, Midas; L. tactus, touch) in apposition to Myotis, and literally means Midas touch in reference to the golden-yellow fur, which is unique among New World Myotis. We suggest the English vernacular name Golden Myotis, and the Spanish vernacular, murciélago vespertino de oro.


     Moratelli, Ricardo & Wilson, Don E. 2014. A New Species of Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Bolivia. Journal of Mammalogy. 95 (4): E17–E25. doi: 10.1644/14-MAMM-149
    Ricardo Moratelli. 2012. Myotis simus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Mammalian Species. 44(1); 26-32. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/892.1




    Bolivian golden bat revealed as 'new species' http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/28583377
    Bat conservation in threatened ecosystems of Bolivia
    Aguirre, L.F., A. Vargas & S. Solari. 2009. Clave de campo para la identificación de los murciélagos de Bolivia. Centro
    de Estudios en Biología Teórica y Aplicada. Cochabamba, Bolivia. 38 pp [Key for Bolivian Bats]

    Myotis midastactus is the fifth new species of bat Dr Moratelli has described. Others include Myotis diminutus, a tiny bat species found in the Ecuadorian Andes; Myotis lavali from north-eastern Brazil, Myotis izecksohni found in Atlantic forest in southern Brazil, and Myotis handleyi from the mountains of northern Venezuela.

    Ricardo Moratellia and Don E. Wilsonb. 2011. A new species of Myotis Kaup, 1829 (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Ecuador. Mammalian Biology - Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde. 76(5); 608–614.  DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2010.10.003 | http://news.mongabay.com/2010/1116-hance_tinybat.html

    5:48p
    [Ichthyology • 2012] Serrapinnus sterbai • Description of a new characins (Characiformes: Characidae: Cheirodontinae) from the eastern parts of Brazil with comments on S. gracilis (Géry, 1960) comb. nov. and S. littoris (Géry, 1960) comb. nov.

    Serrapinnus sterbai Zarske, 2012

    Abstract 
    Serrapinnus sterbai spec. nov. from the eastern parts of Brazil (probably Araguaya drainage) is described. Typically there are (1) a black longitudinal band from the eye to the basis of caudal-fin, (2) an incomplete lateral line with eight to 12 pored scales, (3) 32 to 34 scales in a longitudinal line, (4) 21 to 23 anal-fin rays (total), (5) 32 to 33 vertebrae (4+9–10+18 – 20), (6) 14 to 16 gill-rakers on the first left arch (5 – 6 /9–10), (7) five seven- to ninecuspid premaxillary teeth, (8) two to three sevencuspid maxillary teeth, (9) five sevencuspid mandibulary teeth, (10) head relatively small (3,93 to 4,71 times in SL) and (11) body depth moderately high (2,63 to 3,18 times in SL). The species is easy to identify from all other members of the genus by its coloration. Cheirodon gracilis Géry, 1960 and Cheirodon littoris Géry, 1960 are transferred into the genus Serrapinnus. 

    Key words: Teleostei, Characiformes, Serrapinnus, new species, Brazil, South America.


     Zarske, A. 2012. Serrapinnus sterbai spec. nov. – Beschreibung eines neuen Salmlers (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae: Cheirodontinae) aus Brasilien mit Bemerkungen zu S. gracilis (Géry, 1960) comb. nov. und S. littoris (Géry, 1960) comb. nov. Vertebrate Zoology. 62 (1): 3–17.
    Serrapinnus sterbai spec. nov. – Description of a new characins (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae: Cheirodontinae) from Brazil with comments on S. gracilis (Géry, 1960) comb. nov. and  S. littoris (Géry, 1960) comb. nov. 

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