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Tuesday, November 2nd, 2021
| Time | Event | ||||||||
| 3:06a | [Ichthyology • 2021] Profundulus adani • A New Species of Killifish of the Genus Profundulus (Atherinomorpha: Profundulidae) from the Upper Reaches of the Papaloapan River in the Mexican State of Oaxaca
Abstract Profundulus adani, new species, is described from the upper reaches of the Papaloapan River in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The uniqueness of this new species is supported by morphological and molecular evidence. A combination of color patterns and counts separate P. adani, new species, from its congeners. Profundulus adani, new species, is distinguished from all congeners by the absence of a humeral spot in individuals larger than 45 mm SL. It can further be distinguished from P. balsanus, P. chimalapensis, P. kreiseri, P. oaxacae, P. parentiae, and P. punctatus based on the absence of series of dark dots on the sides of the body. Profundulus adani, new species, shows a faded dark band that extends from the tip of the operculum to the end of the caudal peduncle; this band is absent in P. balsanus and P. parentiae. The new species is described using specimens collected in the upper reaches of the Papaloapan River in the Mexican state of Oaxaca; geographically this represents a significant range expansion and extends the Atlantic slope northernmost limit of the Profundulidae.
Profundulus adani, new species Papaloapan Killifish Distribution and habitat.—The known distribution of P. adaniis limited to the three localities reported here in the upper reaches of the Papaloapan River in the Mexican state of Oaxaca (Fig. 1). These three localities are small creeks of high order at altitudes above 1500 masl, characterized by shallow streams with boulders, rocks, and gravel dominating the substrate (Fig. 5). Etymology.—In recognition of his contributions to the study and conservation of freshwater fishes in southern Mexico, this species is named after our friend, colleague, and Mexican ichthyologist Adán E. Gómez González who tragically passed away in January 2018. Sara E. Dominguez-Cisneros, Ernesto Velázquez-Velázquez, Caleb D. McMahan, and Wilfredo A. Matamoros. 2021. A New Species of Killifish of the Genus Profundulus (Atherinomorpha: Profundulidae) from the Upper Reaches of the Papaloapan River in the Mexican State of Oaxaca. Ichthyology & Herpetology. 109(4), 949-957. DOI: 10.1643/i2020156 Profundulus adani especie nueva se describe de la cuenca alta del r´ıo Papaloapan en el estado mexicano de Oaxaca. La distintividad de esta nueva especie esta´ respaldada por evidencia morfologica y molecular. Una combinaci ´ on de ´ patrones de coloracion y conteos separan a ´ P. adani especie nueva de sus congeneres. ´ Profundulus adani especie nueva se distingue de todos sus congeneres por la ausencia de una mancha humeral en individuos mayores de 45 mm SL. Adema ´ ´s, se puede distinguir de P. balsanus, P. chimalapensis, P. kreiseri, P. oaxacae, P. parentiae y P. punctatus por la ausencia de l´ıneas de puntos oscuros en los lados del cuerpo. Profundulus adani especie nueva muestra una banda oscura descolorida que se extiende desde la punta del operculo hasta el final del ped ´ unculo caudal; esta franja esta ´ ´ ausente en P. balsanus y P. parentiae. La nueva especie se describe con espec´ımenes recolectados la cuenca alta del r´ıo Papaloapan en el estado mexicano de Oaxaca; geogra´ficamente esto representa una expansion de rango significativa en la vertiente del ´ Atla´ntico para Profundulus. | ||||||||
| 12:47p | [Mammalogy • 2021] Mesoplodon eueu • Speciation in the Deep: Genomics and Morphology reveal A New Species of Beaked Whale (Odontoceti: Ziphiidae)
Abstract The deep sea has been described as the last major ecological frontier, as much of its biodiversity is yet to be discovered and described. Beaked whales (ziphiids) are among the most visible inhabitants of the deep sea, due to their large size and worldwide distribution, and their taxonomic diversity and much about their natural history remain poorly understood. We combine genomic and morphometric analyses to reveal a new Southern Hemisphere ziphiid species, Ramari's beaked whale, Mesoplodon eueu, whose name is linked to the Indigenous peoples of the lands from which the species holotype and paratypes were recovered. Mitogenome and ddRAD-derived phylogenies demonstrate reciprocally monophyletic divergence between M. eueu and True's beaked whale (M. mirus) from the North Atlantic, with which it was previously subsumed. Morphometric analyses of skulls also distinguish the two species. A time-calibrated mitogenome phylogeny and analysis of two nuclear genomes indicate divergence began circa 2 million years ago (Ma), with geneflow ceasing 0.35–0.55 Ma. This is an example of how deep sea biodiversity can be unravelled through increasing international collaboration and genome sequencing of archival specimens. Our consultation and involvement with Indigenous peoples offers a model for broadening the cultural scope of the scientific naming process. Keywords: True's beaked whale, Mesoplodon mirus, Ramari's beaked whale, Mesoplodon eueu, taxonomy, biodiversity 
 Systematic biology Cetacea Brisson 1762 Ziphiidae Gray 1865 Mesoplodon Gervais 1850 Mesoplodon eueu sp. nov. Holotype: NMNZ MM003000, a pregnant, 5.06 m long adult female named Nihongore by Te Rūnanga o Makaawhio. Collected by Ramari Stewart, Nathaniel Scott and Don Neale after beachcast on 27 November 2011. The complete skeletons of the female and fetus are held by Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (NMNZ, Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand; specimen MM003000), and a tissue sample is held in the New Zealand Cetacean Tissue Archive (NZCeTA, University of Auckland, Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand; all institutional abbreviations in electronic supplementary material, S1). Type locality: Waiatoto Spit, South Westland, Aotearoa New Zealand. Diagnosis: Molecular characteristics M. eueu differs from M. mirus based on nuclear DNA markers, and from M. mirus and its closest relatives M. europaeus, M. ginkgodens and M. bidens using mtDNA markers (figure 2). M. mirus is distinct from all other mesoplodont species based on previous mitochondrial and nuclear DNA trees [7,20,24]. Mitochondrial DNA: analysis of mitochondrial data includes sequences from the holotypes of both M. mirus and M. eueu at all sequence lengths. Over the 304 bp mitochondrial control region segment, M. eueu is distinguished by seven fixed differences from M. mirus, with FST = 0.85 (p < 0.01), dA = 0.04 between the two species. At the full mitochondrial genome lengths, M. eueu is distinguished by 579 fixed differences from M. mirus with FST = 0.96 (p < 0.01) and dA = 0.04 (electronic supplementary material, table S2). Nuclear DNA: reduced representation sequencing with ddRAD showed M. eueu had a distinct admixture pattern to M. mirus (figure 2), and an FST = 0.64 (p < 0.0001) was estimated between the two species. M. mirus and M. eueu were distinguished by 1909 fixed differences (12%, per SNP allele error rate = 0.002), across a dataset of 15 671 SNPs found between or within both species. Comparison of one whole nuclear genome each from M. mirus and M. eueu showed a level of nucleotide divergence of 0.28%. Morphological characters: M. eueu is a larger (5.3 m) species of Mesoplodon differing from all other members of the genus except M. mirus, M. hectori and M. perrini in having tusks positioned at the tip of the mandible. It also differs from M. hectori and M. perrini in having smaller, less triangular tusks and from M. mirus in having a relatively shorter rostrum with a wider base, a shorter mandibular symphysis, wider premaxillary sac fossae and crests, and a taller cranium. Etymology: The scientific and common names acknowledge links with Indigenous communities in South Africa and Aotearoa New Zealand, respectively, and were chosen in consultation with these peoples. Most of the South African strandings come from territory inhabited by the Khoisan peoples. Guided by the Khoisan Council, we chose the name //eu//’eu (simplified to eueu to fit nomenclature standards; correct pronunciation available in associated audio clip a1 in the electronic supplementary material), which means ‘big fish’ in Khwedam (from the Khoe language family). In Aotearoa New Zealand, Māori cultural expert Brad Haami developed a shortlist of potential names meaningful in the Māori language, which was then sent for comment to Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu. The selected common name, Ramari's beaked whale, pays homage to Māori tohunga (expert) Ramari Stewart, who has kept traditional knowledge alive, contributed extensively to scientific research on marine mammals, and helped prepare the skeleton of the holotype. The word ‘Ramari’ means a rare event in the Māori language, reflecting the elusive nature of most beaked whales.  Emma L. Carroll, Michael R. McGowen, Morgan L. McCarthy, Felix G. Marx, Natacha Aguilar, Merel L. Dalebout, Sascha Dreyer, Oscar E. Gaggiotti, Sabine S. Hansen, Anton van Helden, Aubrie B. Onoufriou, Robin W. Baird, C. Scott Baker, Simon Berrow, Danielle Cholewiak, Diane Claridge, Rochelle Constantine, Nicholas J. Davison, Catarina Eira, R. Ewan Fordyce, John Gatesy, G. J. Greg Hofmeyr, Vidal Martín, James G. Mead, Antonio A. Mignucci-Giannoni, Phillip A. Morin, Cristel Reyes, Emer Rogan, Massimiliano Rosso, Mónica A. Silva, Mark S. Springer, Debbie Steel and Morten Tange Olsen. 2021. Speciation in the Deep: Genomics and Morphology reveal A New Species of Beaked Whale Mesoplodon eueu. Proc. R. Soc. B. 288. 20211213: 20211213. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1213   | ||||||||
| 12:58p | [Ornithology • 2021] Heliothraupis oneilli • A New Genus and Species of Tanager (Passeriformes, Thraupidae) from the lower Yungas of western Bolivia and southern Peru
Abstract We describe a colorful and distinctive new species of tanager from the lower slopes of the Andes of southeastern Peru and western Bolivia. The species was first noted from southeastern Peru in 2000, but little of its natural history was uncovered until the 2011 discovery of a breeding population in deciduous forest in an intermontane valley, the Machariapo valley, in Bolivia. This species appears to be an intratropical migrant, breeding in deciduous forest during the rainy season (November–March) and spending the dry season dispersed along the lower slopes of the Andes, apparently favoring Guadua bamboo-dominated habitats in both seasons. Phylogenetic evidence suggests this tanager is embedded within a clade of thraupids that includes Ramphocelus, Coryphospingus, Loriotus, Tachyphonus, and related genera in the subfamily Tachyphoninae. Within this subfamily, the new species falls in a clade with two monotypic genera, Eucometis penicillata (Gray-headed Tanager) and Trichothraupis melanops (Black-goggled Tanager). There is strong support for a sister relationship between the new tanager and T. melanops, but because all three species in this clade are highly distinctive phenotypically, we propose erecting a new genus and species name for the new tanager.     Daniel F. Lane, Miguel Angel Aponte Justiniano, Ryan S. Terrill, Frank E. Rheindt, Luke B. Klicka, Gary H. Rosenberg, C. Jonathan Schmitt and Kevin J. Burns. 2021. A New Genus and Species of Tanager (Passeriformes, Thraupidae) from the lower Yungas of western Bolivia and southern Peru. Ornithology. ukab059. DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukab059  RESUMEN: Describimos una nueva especie de tangara, colorida y distintiva, de las colinas bajas de los Andes del sureste de Perú y del oeste de Bolivia. La especie fue registrada por primera vez en el sureste peruano en el año 2000, pero poco de su historia natural fue develada hasta el año 2011, cuando se descubrió de una población reproductiva en bosques caducifolios en un valle intermontano (valle del Machariapo) en Bolivia. Parece que esta especie es un migrante intratropical, que se reproduce en bosques caducifolios durante la temporada de lluvias (noviembre-marzo) y pasa la temporada seca, dispersa a lo largo de las colinas bajas de los Andes, aparentemente prefiriendo los hábitats dominados por el bambú Guadua, en ambas estaciones. La evidencia filogenética sugiere que esta tangara está dentro de un clado de tráupidos que incluye a Ramphocelus, Coryphospingus, Loriotus, Tachyphonus y géneros relacionados en la subfamilia Tachyphoninae. Dentro de esta subfamilia, la nueva especie pertenece a un clado con dos géneros monotípicos, Eucometis penicillata y Trichothraupis melanops. Existe un fuerte soporte para una relación hermana entre esta nueva tangara y T. melanops, pero debido a que las tres especies dentro de este clado son fenotípicamente muy diferentes, proponemos erigir un nuevo género y nombre de especie para la nueva tangara.    |
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