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Sunday, August 7th, 2022
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| 3:10a | [Crustacea • 2022] Molecular Phylogeny of Thoracotremata Crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura): Toward Adopting Monophyletic Superfamilies, Invasion History into Terrestrial Habitats and Multiple Origins of Symbiosis
Highlights: • Thoracotreme crabs invaded terrestrial habitat through direct invasion route during Late Cretaceous. • Secondary invasions into subtidal regions and colonization of freshwater habitats occurred in multiple lineages. • Symbiosis evolved at least two times in Thoracotremata. • Most thoracotreme superfamilies are polyphyletic and a new seven superfamilies classification scheme is proposed. Abstract The Thoracotremata is a large and successful group of “true” crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura, Eubrachyura) with a great diversity of lifestyles and well-known intertidal representatives. The group represents the largest brachyuran radiation into terrestrial and semi-terrestrial environments and comprises multiple lineages of obligate symbiotic species. In consequence, they exhibit very diverse physiological and morphological adaptations. Our understanding of their evolution is, however, largely obscured by their confused classification. Here, we resolve interfamilial relationships of Thoracotremata, using 10 molecular markers and exemplars from all nominal families in order to reconstruct the pathways of lifestyle transition and to propose a new taxonomy corresponding to phylogenetic relationships. The results confirm the polyphyly of three superfamilies as currently defined (Grapsoidea, Ocypodoidea and Pinnotheroidea). At the family level, Dotillidae, Macrophthalmidae, and Varunidae are not monophyletic. Ancestral state reconstruction analyses and divergent time estimations indicate that the common ancestor of thoracotremes already thrived in intertidal environments in the Late Cretaceous and terrestrialization became a major driver of thoracotreme diversification. Multiple semi-terrestrial and terrestrial lineages originated and radiated in the Early Eocene, coinciding with the global warming event at the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Secondary invasions into subtidal regions and colonizations of freshwater habitats occurred independently through multiple semi-terrestrial and terrestrial lineages. Obligate symbiosis between thoracotremes and other marine macro-invertebrates evolved at least twice. On the basis of the current molecular phylogenetic hypothesis, it will be necessary in the future to revise and recognize seven monophyletic superfamilies and revisit the morphological character states which define them.
Chandler T. T. Tsang, Christoph D. Schubart, Ka Hou Chu, Peter K. L. Ng and Ling Ming Tsang. 2022. Molecular Phylogeny of Thoracotremata Crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura): Toward Adopting Monophyletic Superfamilies, Invasion History into Terrestrial Habitats and Multiple Origins of Symbiosis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. In Press, 107596. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107596  | ||||||||
| 7:20a | [Botany • 2022] Vaccinium pseudopubicalyx (Ericaceae) • A New Species from Hainan, China
Abstract Here we describe a new species, Vaccinium pseudopubicalyx, and report a new record for the flora of China, V. viscifolium, both from Hainan Province. Vaccinium viscifolium also represents the first record of V. sect. Euepigynium for China. Detailed descriptions and illustrations with analytical photographs of the two taxa are provided. Keywords: Morphology, new species, taxonomy, Vaccinium pubicalyx
Vaccinium pseudopubicalyx X. H. Ye, Q. L. Wang & Y. H. Tong, sp. nov. Diagnosis: Vaccinium pseudopubicalyx is morphologically similar to V. pubicalyx and its varieties, but can be distinguished by having fewer pairs of secondary veins (3–5 (Fig. 2E) vs. 5–9 (Fig. 5A, B)), smaller (2–3.5 × ca. 1 mm vs. 5–8 × ca. 1.5–2 mm) and lanceolate (vs. ovate) floral bracts, young twigs and inflorescences rachis white-pubescent (vs. brownish-tomentose), and anthers with smaller dorsal spurs (0.5–1 mm vs. ca 4 mm, Fig. 5F). Etymology: The specific epithet pseudopubicalyx, a noun in apposition, alludes to close alliance to Vaccinium pubicalyx. Vernacular name: 拟毛萼越橘 (Chinese pinyin: nǐ máo è yuè jú). Xue-He Ye, Qing-Long Wang, Ming-Zhong Huang and Yi-Hua Tong. 2022. Novelties on the Genus Vaccinium (Ericaceae) from Hainan, China: A New Species and A New Record for the Country. PhytoKeys. 202: 121-132. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.202.82786  | ||||||||
| 7:39a | [Botany • 2022] Chiloschista glabrisepala (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Aeridinae) • A New Species from northern Vietnam
Abstract A yellow-flowered Chiloschista (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae) with brown-spotted tepals is described as a new species. It was initially collected in Son La Province, Thuan Chau District, and later flowered in cultivation when it was identified as a new specie. This new species resembles C. parishii and C. himalaica in habit, shape and color of the flower, but differs from C. parishii and C. himalaica by glabrous sepals and lip ornamentation characters. The paper includes the standard description, the plate with analytical photos, data on habitat, phenology, and conservation status of the new species. Keywords: Chiloschista glabrisepala, Chiloschista himalaica, Chiloschista parishii, new species, orchids, Son La Province, Monocots  Phuoc Dien Pham, Leonid V. Averyanov, Dinh Hiep Nguyen, Tatiana Maisak, Van Canh Nguyen, Minh Quan Dang, Ba Vuong Truong and Van Son Dang. 2022. A New Species of Chiloschista (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae) from northern Vietnam. Phytotaxa. 556(1); 94-98. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.8 | ||||||||
| 8:35a | [Mollusca • 2022] Provanna exquisita • A New provannid Snail (Gastropoda, Abyssochrysoidea) discovered from Northwest Eifuku Volcano, Mariana Arc
Abstract Gastropods in the family Provannidae are characteristic members of deep-sea chemosynthesis-based communities. Recently, surveys of hydrothermal vents and hydrocarbon seeps in the western Pacific have revealed a high diversity of provannids, with new discoveries continuing to be made. Here, we report and describe a further new species, Provanna exquisita sp. nov., discovered from the Northwest Eifuku volcano on the Mariana Arc. This new species is distinguished from all other described Provanna species by its exaggerated sculpture characterised by two to three sharply raised, flange-like keels on the teleoconch whorls. The status of P. exquisita sp. nov. is also supported by a molecular phylogeny reconstruction using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, which suggested that it is most closely related to a clade of three species described from Okinawa Trough vents including P. clathrata, P. subglabra, and P. fenestrata. Despite being one of the better-explored regions of the world in terms of hydrothermal vent biodiversity, new discoveries like P. exquisita sp. nov. continue to remind us that we are nowhere near fully documenting the species diversity in these unique ecosystems—despite the species being threatened from imminent anthropogenic impacts such as deep-sea mining. Keywords: Deep sea, hydrothermal vent, Mollusca, new species, Provannidae, Western Pacific
Systematics Subclass Caenogastropoda Cox, 1960 Superfamily Abyssochrysoidea Tomlin, 1927 Family Provannidae Warén & Ponder, 1991 Provanna Dall, 1918 Type species: Provanna lomana (Dall, 1918). Provanna exquisita sp. nov. Provanna aff. fenestrata —Giguère and Tunnicliffe 2021: supplementary table S2 Diagnosis: A large Provanna reaching over 13 mm in shell height (exceeds 15 mm if spire intact), teleoconch whorls with two or three sharply raised, flange-like spiral keels crossing with weaker axial ribs to form a regularly latticed sculpture. Distribution: So far, it is only known from a hydrothermal vent field on the summit of Northwest Eifuku Volcano, Mariana Arc. In addition to the Golden Lips site where specimens were collected, it has also been visually confirmed from the Champagne site 40 m away (Fig. 1B). Etymology: Exquisita (Latin, feminine adjective in the nominative singular), meaning “inquiring” or “exquisite”. Chong Chen and Hiromi Kayama Watanabe. 2022. A New provannid Snail (Gastropoda, Abyssochrysoidea) discovered from Northwest Eifuku Volcano, Mariana Arc. ZooKeys. 1112: 123-137. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1112.85950  |
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