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Sunday, June 11th, 2023
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| 6:43a | [Botany • 2023] Triphora gallegosii (Orchidaceae: Triphoreae: Triphorinae) • A New Species from Mexico
Abstract Triphora gallegosii, a new species of geophyte orchid known so far from central, western, and northwestern Mexico, is described and illustrated. This species is morphologically similar to T. gentianioides and T. wagneri, with whom it shares the presence of scale-like leaves, three longitudinal verrucose lines on the lip, and floral parts of similar sizes, but differs from both by its lip lines that vanish towards the middle of the central lobe, having 1–4 resupinate flowers, and flowering between August and September. It also differs from T. wagneri by having a constricted central lobe and lateral lobes with acute apex, and from T. gentianoides by having entire margins on the lateral lobes, column with a magenta apex and whitish towards the middle portion with a green base, magenta anther, smaller leaves, and solitary growth. A preliminary analysis of the conservation status and a dichotomous key to the species of the genus in Mexico are provided. Key words: Epidendroideae, geophyte, Monocot, taxonomy, terrestrial orchid
 
Triphora gallegosii Figueroa, Zabalgoitia, Velázquez-R. & R. Jiménez, sp. nov.  Triphora gallegosii is similar to T. gentianoides and T. wagneri in having lips with three longitudinal and verrucous lines, and in the size of floral parts. However, in T. gallegosii these lines vanish towards the middle of the central lobe (vs. reaching the apex of the central lobe), in addition, T. gallegosii has resupinate flowers (vs. non-resupinate). Furthermore, T. gallegosii differs from T. gentianoides in having 1–4 flowers (vs. 3–10 flowers), sepals and petals magenta at the apex, decreasing in intensity towards the middle portion and green at the base (vs. ranging from green to white, commonly with some brown or reddish tones on sepals), a white lip with a magenta spot at the tip of the central lobe (vs. white to pale green), green warts on the lip lines (vs. green and white warts), lateral lobes of the lip with entire margins (vs. erose to nearly lacerate), a column with a magenta apex and whitish towards the middle portion with a green base (vs. magenta to brown at the apex and the rest green or yellowish-white), a magenta anther (vs. yellow), leaves of 3.5–13 × 2–6 mm (vs. 10–18 × 5–10 mm), solitary growth habit (vs. growing in clusters), and blooming between August and September (vs. June and August). It also differs from T. wagneri in having 1–4 flowers (vs. 1 flower), lateral lobes constricted at their junction with the central lobe and with an acute apex (vs. unconstricted and obtuse), and blooming between August and September (vs. April). Etymology:— This species is named after Dr. Jesús Guadalupe González-Gallegos, dear friend and researcher
of the CIIDIR herbarium who has contributed substantially to the floristic knowledge of western and northwestern
Mexico.  Dante S. Figueroa, Alejandro Zabalgoitia, Perla Velázquez-Ríos, Miguel Á. Muñiz-Castro, Rolando Jiménez-Machorro, Rolando Guerrero-Hernández and Oassis Huerta-Galván. 2023. A New Species of Triphora (Orchidaceae: Triphoreae, Triphorinae) from Mexico. Phytotaxa. 599(2); 89-99. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.2.1 instagram.com/p/CtIe6r7uL4v  | ||||||||
| 6:43a | [Botany • 2023] Vanilla rupicola (Orchidaceae: Vanilloideae) • A New Remarkable New Species endemic to the Espinhaço Range, Brazil: Its Phylogenetic Position and Evolutionary Relationships among Neotropical Congeners
Abstract During surveys conducted on Neotropical Vanilla, a new endemic species was found in the Brazilian campos rupestres of the Espinhaço Range. Here, this new remarkable Vanilla species, namely Vanilla rupicola Pansarin & E.L.F. Menezes, is described and illustrated. A phylogeny for Vanilla is presented and the relationships between Neotropical species are discussed. The position of V. rupicola among Neotropical Vanilla is discussed within an evolutionary context. Vanilla rupicola is recognized by its rupicolous habit, its reptant stems, and its sessile and rounded leaves. This remarkable new taxon emerges in a clade that includes V. appendiculata Rolfe and V. hartii Rolfe. Vegetative and floral features support a close relationship between V. rupicola and sister taxa, mainly regarding the apical inflorescence (V. appendiculata), the type of appendages of the central crest of the labellum, and the labellar color pattern. Phylogenetic inference suggests that the circumscription of Neotropical Vanilla groups needs revision. Key words: Atlantic forest, Brazilian campos rupestres, Cerrado vegetation, evolution, molecular phylogeny, Neotropics, orchids, Vanilleae, Vanilloideae
Vanilla rupicola Pansarin & E.L.F.Menezes, sp. nov. Vanilla rupicola differs from all Neotropical Vanilla species by its rupicolous habit, its reptant stem and its rounded leaves. The overall characteristics of V. rupicola resemble those of V. appendiculata Rolfe and V. hartii Rolfe. However, the remarkable new taxon (V. rupicola) is easily distinguishable from both related species by its leaves and flowers, which are smaller than those of V. appendiculata and larger than those of V. hartii (Table 1), its sessile leaves (vs. petiolate in V. appendiculata and V. hartii), and its papillose labellar protrusions (vs. finger-like in V. appendiculata and verrucose in V. hartii). Etymology: The specific epithet (rupicola) refers to the rupicolous habit, uncommon among Neotropical Vanilla. Emerson Ricardo Pansarin and Euler da Luz Fernandes Menezes. 2023. A New Remarkable Vanilla Mill. (Orchidaceae) Species endemic to the Espinhaço Range, Brazil: Its Phylogenetic Position and Evolutionary Relationships among Neotropical Congeners. PhytoKeys. 227: 151-165. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.227.101963  | ||||||||
| 3:15p | [Paleontology • 2023] Phrynolambrus sagittalis • The Oldest dairoidid Crab (Decapoda: Brachyura: Parthenopoidea: Dairoidinae) from the Eocene of Spain
Abstract Eubrachyurans, or ‘higher’ true crabs, are the most speciose group of decapod crustaceans and have a rich fossil record extending into the Early Cretaceous. However, most extant families are first found in the fossil record in the Palaeogene, and particularly in the Eocene. Unfortunately, fossils of many early eubrachyuran groups are often fragmentary, and only a few studies have combined extinct and extant taxa in a phylogenetic context using different optimality criteria. Here, we report the dairoidid crab Phrynolambrus sagittalis sp. nov., an enigmatic eubrachyuran from the upper Eocene of Huesca (northern Spain), whose completeness and exquisite preservation permit examination of its anatomy in a phylogenetic context. Dairoidids have previously been considered among the oldest stone crabs (Eriphioidea) or elbow crabs (Parthenopoidea), two disparate and distantly related groups of true crabs living today. Mechanical preparation and computed tomography of the fossil material revealed several diagnostic features that allow a detailed comparison with families across the crab tree of life, and test hypotheses about its phylogenetic affinities. Phrynolambrus sagittalis is the first record of the genus in the Iberian Peninsula, and represents one of the oldest crown parthenopoidean crabs worldwide, expanding our knowledge of the biogeographical distribution of elbow crabs during the Palaeogene, as well as their early origins, anatomical diversity and systematic affinities. Understanding the disparity of Eocene eubrachyurans is pivotal to disentangling the systematic relationships among crown families, and interpreting the spatio-temporal patterns leading to the evolution of modern faunas. Keywords: eubrachyuran, fossil crab, phylogeny, Priabonian, Pyrenees, Iberian Peninsula
Infraorder BRACHYURA Latreille, 1802 Section EUBRACHYURA de Saint Laurent, 1980 Superfamily PARTHENOPOIDEA MacLeay, 1838 Family PARTHENOPIDAE MacLeay, 1838 Subfamily DAIROIDINAE Števčić, 2005 Type genus: Dairoides Stebbing, 1920. Included genera: Aragolambrus Ferratges et al., 2019; Dairoides; Phrynolambrus Bittner, 1893. Genus PHRYNOLAMBRUS Bittner, 1893 Type species: Phrynolambrus corallinus Bittner, 1893, by original designation. Included species: Phrynolambrus corallinus; P. italicus De Angeli & Beschin, 2008; P. sagittalis. Emended diagnosis: Carapace rhomboid (triangular?) anteriorly narrowing, rostrum short, projected; hepatic region convex laterally, remainder of anterolateral margin slightly convex, then extending into stout, triangular lateral spine; posterolateral margin convex; strong epibranchial spine, oriented obliquely posteriorly; posterior margin straight; carapace region broadly inflated and ornamented with mushroom-shaped tubercles. (Modified after Schweitzer et al. 2020a) Phrynolambrus sagittalis sp. nov. Derivation of name: From the Latin sagitta, in reference to its arrowhead carapace shape. Diagnosis: Carapace triangular, wider than long; projected frontal margin; orbits inflated; anterolateral margins almost straight, with small conical spine; posterolateral margin converging posteriorly, with strong spine and marked concavity behind epibranchial spine; armed epibranchial spine, oriented obliquely posteriorly; straight posterior margin; depressed postbranchial region; carapace surface densely tuberculated by mushroom-shaped tubercles. Occurrence: The genus Phrynolambrus is known only from the upper Eocene of Italy, Hungary and Romania (Bittner 1893; Lörenthey & Beurlen 1929; Beschin et al. 2009) and the Oligocene of Italy (De Angeli & Beschin 2008). In this work we expand its distribution to the upper Eocene of the Iberian Peninsula.
CONCLUSION: Phrynolambrus sagittalis, from the upper Eocene of Spain, is the oldest record of fossil crabs of the enigmatic subfamily Dairoidinae. The completeness and exquisite preservation of the new fossil material enabled us to examine aspects of the anatomy of Phrynolambrus and Dairoides (the type and only genus of Dairoidinae previously known) and to place them in a phylogenetic context. We conclude that Dairoides is indeed a type of elbow crab, or Parthenopoidea, rather than a type of stone crab, superfamily Eriphioidea, to which it is only superficially similar due to convergence. The recognition of Phrynolambrus as sister group to Dairoides pushes back the origins of the subfamily Dairoidinae more than 48 myr into at least the early Eocene and provides a reliable calibration point of the subfamily for molecular phylogenetic studies. This description of the new species is also the second report of Eocene elbow crabs from the Iberian Peninsula, and it is one of the oldest parthenopid crabs discovered to date. Our results: (1) expand our understanding of the stratigraphic and palaeobiogeographic distribution of Palaeogene elbow crabs; (2) highlight the Eocene as a time of rapid evolution of higher eubrachyuran groups; and (3) shed light on the early origins, anatomical diversity and systematic affinities of ancient Parthenopoidea, one of the most emblematic and anatomically distinctive groups of true crabs. Understanding the anatomical diversity or disparity of Palaeogene eubrachyurans is pivotal to disentangle the systematic relationships of several of the main crown families, and to investigate spatio-temporal patterns leading to the evolution of modern faunas. Fernando A. Ferratges, Javier Luque, José Luis Domínguez, Àlex Ossó, Marcos Aurell and Samuel Zamora. 2023. The Oldest dairoidid Crab (Decapoda, Brachyura, Parthenopoidea) from the Eocene of Spain. Papers in Palaeontology. DOI: 10.1002/spp2.1494  |
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