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Пишет temmokan (![[info]](http://lj.rossia.org/img/userinfo.gif){kind=small} temmokan)@ 2012-02-17 07:07:00 |
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| Настроение: |  cheerful |
| Музыка: | I Breathe - Vacuum |
"5< 1>;55 8;8 @02=>
03>;>2>:, 5A;8 :B> =5 ?>=O;, O2;O5BAO A8=>=8<>< A;>2>A>G5B0=8O «B5< =5 <5=55». >A:>;L:C A59G0A, A@548 ?@>G53>, O ?@>4>;60N <54;5==>, => =5C:;>==> CG8BL ;>610=, A0<>5 2@5
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<p>03>;>2>:, 5A;8 :B> =5 ?>=O;, O2;O5BAO A8=>=8<>< A;>2>A>G5B0=8O «B5< =5 <5=55». >A:>;L:C A59G0A, A@548 ?@>G53>, O ?@>4>;60N <54;5==>, => =5C:;>==> CG8BL ;>610=, A0<>5 2@5<O ?>45;8BLAO =5:>B>@K<8 A>>1@065=8O<8 2 >1;0AB8 ?@8:;04=>3> O7K:>7=0=8O >B ;8F0 >B45;L=> 27OB>3> G5;>25:0.</p>
<p> >4=>< 87 ?@54K4CI8E ?>AB>2 @073>@5;0AL ?>;5<8:0, B5=45=F8N :>B>@>9 <>6=> >E0@0:B5@87>20BL :0: «MA?5@0=B> vs. ;>610=». 5 >G5=L ?>=8<0N, :0:8< >1@07>< MB> ?@>87>H;>, => «vs.» 2 =59 4;O >4=>3> 87 CG0AB=8:>2 ?>;5<8:8 72CG8B 2AQ 1>;55 >AB@>. >A:>;L:C 7=0:><AB2> A ?;0=>2K<8 O7K:0<8 4;O <5=O =0G0;>AL A MA?5@0=B>, >?8HC 2:@0BF5 A2>8 2?5G0B;5=8O >B >1>8E. "5:AB >B=>A8B5;L=> 4;8==K9, >BB>3> C1@0= «?>4 :0B».</p><lj-cut text="?>4@>1=55">
<p><strong>A posteriori</strong></p>
<p>0NAL, =5 <>3C 2A?><=8BL 8<Q= CG8B5;59 :@C6:0 <a href="http://ru.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%3F_%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%3F">MA?5@0=B></a>. >A;5 <=>3>G8A;5==KE ?5@5574>2 345-B> ;568B A2845B5;LAB2> >1 >:>=G0=88 :C@A0. ><=N 8<O A0<>3> :>;>@8B=>3> ?@5?>4020B5;O, :>B>@K9 8 708=B5@5A>20; <5=O O7K:>< ?>-=0AB>OI5<C: 4>;LD 20=>28G. A;8 :B> 2A?><=8B, :>340 >= 8 53> :>;;538 @01>B0;8 2 #, 1C4C >G5=L ?@87=0B5;5=.</p>
<p> A;CG05 A MA?5@0=B> ?@>F5AA 2E>645=8O 1K; AB@5<8B5;L=K<. A=>2=>9 :C@A :0;5=40@=> 4;8;AO 4>;3>, @50;L=> 65, D878G5A:>3> 2@5<5=8, >B=O; 5420 ;8 425=04F0BL G0A>2. >AB0B>G=>, GB>1K >A2>8BL ?@>ABCN 3@0<<0B8:C O7K:0 8 <8=8<0;L=K9 A;>20@=K9 70?0A. ;NA >A=>2K 8AB>@88, :0: 8 4;O G53> 2AQ MB> 1K;>.</p>
<p> >A;5 MB>3> 1K; «:>=25=B», ?>574:0 2 =5A:>;L:> 4=59 =0 A>1@0=85 MA?5@0=B8AB>2, 345 >1I0;8AL ?@0:B8G5A:8 B>;L:> =0 =Q<. 5B>4 ?>3@C65=8O >:070;AO MDD5:B82=K<: : :>=FC ?5@2>3> 4=O O =0G0; ?>=8<0BL ?@0:B8G5A:8 2AQ, GB> 3>2>@OB, : :>=FC 2B>@>3> >1@Q; 8 40@ @5G8. "0: GB> 3>2>@N :0: M:A?5@B: 5A;8 C 20A 5ABL =545;O A2>1>4=>3> 2@5<5=8, <>73 2 4>;6=>9 <5@5 A2>1>45= 8 1>4@, =545;8 20< E20B8B, GB>1K =0G0BL 2=0G0;5 ?>=8<0BL, 0 ?>B>< 8 >1I0BLAO, 8 4C<0BL.</p>
<p>AO ?@5;5ABL 0?>AB5@8>@=>3> (?>AB@>5==>3> =0 1075 C65 ACI5AB2CNI8E 5AB5AB25==KE O7K:>2) 8<5==> 2 B><, GB> =02K:8 D>@<8@CNBAO =5 2 20:CC<5. '5<-B> 7=0:><K5 :>@=8, ?@82KG=K5 ?>=OB8O ;8F0, G8A;0 8 2@5<5=8, <=>385 4@C385 8=BC8B82=> ?>=OB=K5 M;5<5=BK. — =8:0:8E 8A:;NG5=89. >;55 B>3>, A;C651=K5 G0AB8 @5G8 (?@8AB02:8, 8=D8:AK) A0< O2;ONBAO ?>;=>F5==K<8 :>@=O<8, GB> B>;L:> ?>4>3@5;> 8=B5@5A : O7K:C.</p>
<p> >4283 0<5=E>D0 2 B><, GB> >= 40; ?@>ABK5, =587<5==K5 ?@028;0 8 C<5;> ?>4>1@0; >A=>2=K5 O7K:>2K5 M;5<5=BK B0:, GB>1K >=8 1K;8 <0:A8<0;L=> 1;87:8 8 ?>=OB=K B5<, :><C =5 GC64K 8=4>52@>?59A:85 O7K:8.</p>
<p><strong>A priori</strong></p>
<p>/7K:8 0?@8>@=K5 AB@>OBAO A =C;O. > >?@545;5=8N, 87CG0BL 8E A;>6=55, ?>A:>;L:C =5B >ICI5=8O, GB> 2AQ MB> 345-B> 2845;, 345-B> A;KH0;, 345-B> G8B0;.</p>
<p> A;CG05 A ;>610=>< G5;>25:, ?@82K:H89 : B@048F8>==K< M;5<5=B0< 5AB5AB25==KE O7K:>2, 2 ?5@2CN >G5@54L 8A?KBK205B 3;C1>:>5 =54>C<5=85, ?>A:>;L:C AB@C:BC@0 A>25@H5==> 8=0O. 45 2K, <5AB>8<5=8O, 2@5<5=0 8 A:;>=5=8O? 5 A@07C ?@8E>48HL : ?>=8<0N, GB> ;>610= 1;865 : ;>38:5 2KA:07K20=89, : O7K:C ?@>3@0<<8@>20=8O, 5A;8 E>B8B5. >O ?5@20O ?>?KB:0 >A2>8BL O7K: «2 ;>1» ?@825;0 : >ICI5=8N, GB> <5=O @07K3@0;8. C @0725 6 MB> O7K:?!</p>
<p>B>@CN ?>?KB:C >A>7=0==> 87CG0BL ;>610= O ?@54?@8=O;, :>340 2> 2@5<O @01>BK =04 :=830<8 ?>B@51>20;AO 8A:CAAB25==K9 (?;0=>2K9, B.5. 87=0G0;L=> A>740==K9 4;O >1I5=8O, 4;O 8A?>;L7>20=8O) O7K:, :>B>@K9 =5 >?8@0;AO 1K =8 =0 :0:CN 8AB>@8G5A:CN :C;LBC@C, 8 1K; 1K 2<5AB5 A B5< <0:A8<0;L=> C4>15= 4;O ?5@540G8 <KA;59.</p>
<p>"0:8< >:070;AO <a href="http://lojban.org">;>610=</a>.</p>
<p><strong>A fortiori</strong></p>
<p>725AB=K 15A:>=5G=K5 10B0;88 AB>@>==8:>2 @07=KE O7K:>2 ?@>3@0<<8@>20=8O. C45A=8:8 C++ A=8AE>48B5;L=> ?>3;O4K20NB 2 AB>@>=C ?@825@65=F52 0A:0;O; <C4@5FK Lisp ?@57@8B5;L=> A<>B@OB =0 2AQ, GB> @>4AB25==> C; B>;:>20B5;8 Perl A C;K1:>9 A<>B@OB =0 @LO=KE ?>A;54>20B5;59 Python. 2A5 :0: >48= B@048F8>==> ?@578@0NB PHP, :>B>@><C MB> =5 ?><5H0;> AB0BL >4=8< 87 A0<KE ?>?C;O@=KE 2 A>2@5<5==>< Web-?@>3@0<<8@>20=88.</p>
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<p>>610=, ?CABL MB0 0=0;>38O 8 =5 2?>;=5 B>G=0, MB> 20@80=B O7K:0 0AA5<1;5@0 4;O 5AB5AB25==KE O7K:>2. /7K:-?>A@54=8:, :>B>@K9 <>65B ?5@540BL A0<K5 ?@8GC4;82K5 20@80=BK >B=>H5=89 <564C >1J5:B0<8, 2708<>A2O78 8 >BB5=:8 >B=>H5=8O, =5 ?@8=8<0O AB>@>=C =8 >4=>3> 87 5AB5AB25==KE O7K:>2.</p>
<p><5==> ?>MB><C ?>?KB:0 2KCG8BL 53> B5<8 65 A?>A>10<8, ?> 0=0;>388, ?@8254QB : <KA;8, GB> 20A @07K3@K20NB. 5B A<KA;0 8A:0BL 745AL ;8F0, =0:;>=5=8O, ?04568 8 2AQ ?@>G55 8 2>7<CI0BLAO B><C, GB> 2A53> MB>3> =5B.</p>
<p> A2>Q 2@5<O O ?@8=O;AO 87CG0BL ?@>3@0<<8@>20=85 4;O IBM PC A O7K:0 0AA5<1;5@0. :>340 ?@8H;> ?>=8<0=85, :0: CAB@>5=K :><?8;OB>@K, 8 GB> 2AQ 2 8B>35 ?@5>1@07C5BAO 2 >48= 8 B>B 65 =87H89 C@>25=L <0H8==KE 8=AB@C:F89, O ?>=O;, GB> 2A5 10B0;88 «GB> ;CGH5» ;8H5=K A<KA;0.</p>
<p>>610= =5 ;CGH5 8;8 EC65. @O45 A;CG052 >= B>G=55. @54AB02LB5 A515 5AB5AB25==K9 O7K:, 2 :>B>@>< =5B :0B53>@88 2@5<5=8, 8;8 2 :>B>@>< >B45;L=K5 G8A;8B5;L=K5 4;O @07=KE B8?>2 >1J5:B>2. 1I0BLAO =0 0?>AB5@8>@=KE O7K:0E A ?@54AB028B5;O<8 B0:>9 :C;LBC@K 1C45B =5?@>AB>. A;CG05 «0AA5<1;5@0» MB> ?>72>;8B 1KAB@55 4>18BLAO ?>=8<0=8O, 2>B 8 2AQ.</p>
<p>!0<0 ?>AB0=>2:0 2>?@>A0, «:0:>9 O7K: ;CGH5», ;8H5=0 2AO:>3> A<KA;0. 'B> MDD5:B82=55, 2>B ?@028;L=K9 2>?@>A. =0;>38O A O7K:0<8 ?@>3@0<<8@>20=8O: 5A;8 <=5 =C6=> 1KAB@> =09B8 8 70<5=8BL AB@>:C 70B59;82>9 =5?>AB>O==>9 :>=AB@C:F88 2 <8;;8>=5 D09;>2, O <>3C =0?8A0BL ?@>3@0<<C =0 C++, A:><?8;8@>20BL 5Q 8 70?CAB8BL 4;O :064>3> 87 D09;>2. <>3C =01@0BL @>2=> >4=C AB@>:C, 70?CA:0NICN 8=B5@?@5B0B>@ Perl A ?@>AB>9 8=AB@C:F859 ?>8A:0 8 70<5=K. / <>3C =0?8A0BL :><?8;OB>@ O7K:0 =0 Whitespace 8;8 Brainfuck, => =0 ! MB> 1C45B <=>3> 1KAB@55 8 MDD5:B82=55. B0: 40;55.</p>
<p> ;8HL 2 >4=>< A2>Q< 2>7<>6=>< 701;C645=88 O 1C4C C?>@AB2>20BL: =8 >48= ?;0=>2K9 O7K: ?>:0 =5 >1@Q; 8 2@O4 ;8 >1@5BQB B> O7K:>2>5 1>30BAB2>, :>B>@K< >1;040NB 5AB5AB25==K5 O7K:8. @>AB> ?> >?@545;5=8N: GB>1K B0:>5 AB0;> 2>7<>6=K<, O7K: 4>;65= 4>;3>5 2@5<O 1KBL @>4=K< (53> =C6=> 7=0BL 8 =0 =Q< =C6=> 4C<0BL A @>645=8O), 8 =0 =Q< 4>;65= 1KBL A>740= A>;84=K9 :>@?CA =5?5@52>4=>9 ;8B5@0BC@K.</p>
<p><em>Sapienti sat</em>.</p><lj-like />
</lj-cut></lj-cut>
<p> >4=>< 87 ?@54K4CI8E ?>AB>2 @073>@5;0AL ?>;5<8:0, B5=45=F8N :>B>@>9 <>6=> >E0@0:B5@87>20BL :0: «MA?5@0=B> vs. ;>610=». 5 >G5=L ?>=8<0N, :0:8< >1@07>< MB> ?@>87>H;>, => «vs.» 2 =59 4;O >4=>3> 87 CG0AB=8:>2 ?>;5<8:8 72CG8B 2AQ 1>;55 >AB@>. >A:>;L:C 7=0:><AB2> A ?;0=>2K<8 O7K:0<8 4;O <5=O =0G0;>AL A MA?5@0=B>, >?8HC 2:@0BF5 A2>8 2?5G0B;5=8O >B >1>8E. "5:AB >B=>A8B5;L=> 4;8==K9, >BB>3> C1@0= «?>4 :0B».</p><lj-cut text="?>4@>1=55">
<p><strong>A posteriori</strong></p>
<p>0NAL, =5 <>3C 2A?><=8BL 8<Q= CG8B5;59 :@C6:0 <a href="http://ru.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%3F_%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%3F">MA?5@0=B></a>. >A;5 <=>3>G8A;5==KE ?5@5574>2 345-B> ;568B A2845B5;LAB2> >1 >:>=G0=88 :C@A0. ><=N 8<O A0<>3> :>;>@8B=>3> ?@5?>4020B5;O, :>B>@K9 8 708=B5@5A>20; <5=O O7K:>< ?>-=0AB>OI5<C: 4>;LD 20=>28G. A;8 :B> 2A?><=8B, :>340 >= 8 53> :>;;538 @01>B0;8 2 #, 1C4C >G5=L ?@87=0B5;5=.</p>
<p> A;CG05 A MA?5@0=B> ?@>F5AA 2E>645=8O 1K; AB@5<8B5;L=K<. A=>2=>9 :C@A :0;5=40@=> 4;8;AO 4>;3>, @50;L=> 65, D878G5A:>3> 2@5<5=8, >B=O; 5420 ;8 425=04F0BL G0A>2. >AB0B>G=>, GB>1K >A2>8BL ?@>ABCN 3@0<<0B8:C O7K:0 8 <8=8<0;L=K9 A;>20@=K9 70?0A. ;NA >A=>2K 8AB>@88, :0: 8 4;O G53> 2AQ MB> 1K;>.</p>
<p> >A;5 MB>3> 1K; «:>=25=B», ?>574:0 2 =5A:>;L:> 4=59 =0 A>1@0=85 MA?5@0=B8AB>2, 345 >1I0;8AL ?@0:B8G5A:8 B>;L:> =0 =Q<. 5B>4 ?>3@C65=8O >:070;AO MDD5:B82=K<: : :>=FC ?5@2>3> 4=O O =0G0; ?>=8<0BL ?@0:B8G5A:8 2AQ, GB> 3>2>@OB, : :>=FC 2B>@>3> >1@Q; 8 40@ @5G8. "0: GB> 3>2>@N :0: M:A?5@B: 5A;8 C 20A 5ABL =545;O A2>1>4=>3> 2@5<5=8, <>73 2 4>;6=>9 <5@5 A2>1>45= 8 1>4@, =545;8 20< E20B8B, GB>1K =0G0BL 2=0G0;5 ?>=8<0BL, 0 ?>B>< 8 >1I0BLAO, 8 4C<0BL.</p>
<p>AO ?@5;5ABL 0?>AB5@8>@=>3> (?>AB@>5==>3> =0 1075 C65 ACI5AB2CNI8E 5AB5AB25==KE O7K:>2) 8<5==> 2 B><, GB> =02K:8 D>@<8@CNBAO =5 2 20:CC<5. '5<-B> 7=0:><K5 :>@=8, ?@82KG=K5 ?>=OB8O ;8F0, G8A;0 8 2@5<5=8, <=>385 4@C385 8=BC8B82=> ?>=OB=K5 M;5<5=BK. — =8:0:8E 8A:;NG5=89. >;55 B>3>, A;C651=K5 G0AB8 @5G8 (?@8AB02:8, 8=D8:AK) A0< O2;ONBAO ?>;=>F5==K<8 :>@=O<8, GB> B>;L:> ?>4>3@5;> 8=B5@5A : O7K:C.</p>
<p> >4283 0<5=E>D0 2 B><, GB> >= 40; ?@>ABK5, =587<5==K5 ?@028;0 8 C<5;> ?>4>1@0; >A=>2=K5 O7K:>2K5 M;5<5=BK B0:, GB>1K >=8 1K;8 <0:A8<0;L=> 1;87:8 8 ?>=OB=K B5<, :><C =5 GC64K 8=4>52@>?59A:85 O7K:8.</p>
<p><strong>A priori</strong></p>
<p>/7K:8 0?@8>@=K5 AB@>OBAO A =C;O. > >?@545;5=8N, 87CG0BL 8E A;>6=55, ?>A:>;L:C =5B >ICI5=8O, GB> 2AQ MB> 345-B> 2845;, 345-B> A;KH0;, 345-B> G8B0;.</p>
<p> A;CG05 A ;>610=>< G5;>25:, ?@82K:H89 : B@048F8>==K< M;5<5=B0< 5AB5AB25==KE O7K:>2, 2 ?5@2CN >G5@54L 8A?KBK205B 3;C1>:>5 =54>C<5=85, ?>A:>;L:C AB@C:BC@0 A>25@H5==> 8=0O. 45 2K, <5AB>8<5=8O, 2@5<5=0 8 A:;>=5=8O? 5 A@07C ?@8E>48HL : ?>=8<0N, GB> ;>610= 1;865 : ;>38:5 2KA:07K20=89, : O7K:C ?@>3@0<<8@>20=8O, 5A;8 E>B8B5. >O ?5@20O ?>?KB:0 >A2>8BL O7K: «2 ;>1» ?@825;0 : >ICI5=8N, GB> <5=O @07K3@0;8. C @0725 6 MB> O7K:?!</p>
<p>B>@CN ?>?KB:C >A>7=0==> 87CG0BL ;>610= O ?@54?@8=O;, :>340 2> 2@5<O @01>BK =04 :=830<8 ?>B@51>20;AO 8A:CAAB25==K9 (?;0=>2K9, B.5. 87=0G0;L=> A>740==K9 4;O >1I5=8O, 4;O 8A?>;L7>20=8O) O7K:, :>B>@K9 =5 >?8@0;AO 1K =8 =0 :0:CN 8AB>@8G5A:CN :C;LBC@C, 8 1K; 1K 2<5AB5 A B5< <0:A8<0;L=> C4>15= 4;O ?5@540G8 <KA;59.</p>
<p>"0:8< >:070;AO <a href="http://lojban.org">;>610=</a>.</p>
<p><strong>A fortiori</strong></p>
<p>725AB=K 15A:>=5G=K5 10B0;88 AB>@>==8:>2 @07=KE O7K:>2 ?@>3@0<<8@>20=8O. C45A=8:8 C++ A=8AE>48B5;L=> ?>3;O4K20NB 2 AB>@>=C ?@825@65=F52 0A:0;O; <C4@5FK Lisp ?@57@8B5;L=> A<>B@OB =0 2AQ, GB> @>4AB25==> C; B>;:>20B5;8 Perl A C;K1:>9 A<>B@OB =0 @LO=KE ?>A;54>20B5;59 Python. 2A5 :0: >48= B@048F8>==> ?@578@0NB PHP, :>B>@><C MB> =5 ?><5H0;> AB0BL >4=8< 87 A0<KE ?>?C;O@=KE 2 A>2@5<5==>< Web-?@>3@0<<8@>20=88.</p>
<p> 4=0:> 5A;8 ?>A<>B@5BL, : G5<C 2AQ A2>48BAO, B> 2AQ A2>48BAO : O7K:C <0H8==KE 8=AB@C:F89 (0AA5<1;5@C). >6=> 1KBL =5=028AB=8:>< 8=AB@C:F88 "GO TO", => 2 0AA5<1;5@5 >B =5Q =8:C40 =5 45BLAO. >6=> AG8B0BL A51O ?@52KH5 2A5E, ?>A:>;L:C 2 ;N18<>< O7K:5 5ABL 48=0<8G5A:0O B8?870F8O 8 ;O<140, => 2 0AA5<1;5@5, A0<8 ?>=8<05B5, MB8< 8 =5 ?0E=5B. "0< 2AQ ?@>AB>: 2>7L<8 2>= B>, A@02=8 2>= A B5<, ?>;>68 2>= BC40.</p>
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<p><em>Sapienti sat</em>.</p><lj-like />
</lj-cut></lj-cut>
