In 1887, Sudzilovsky moved to San Francisco and later Hawaii, becoming an American citizen. There he became a founder of the Home Rule Party of Hawaii in 1892, which opposed Hawaii's joining the USA. In 1900 under the name Kauka Lukini, Sudzilovsky was elected Hawaii Senator, in 1901 was elected as 1st Hawaii Senate President.

During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 Sudzilovsky actively conducted socialist propaganda among Russian prisoners of war. Following the demands of Russia's foreign minister, the US government revoked his citizenship. Sudzilovsky spent the last years of his life in the Philippines and China.