Fun fact: three of the top five sit in South Korea, around Ulsan and Yeosu, one of the densest refining clusters in the world.

Ranked by crude distillation capacity, in thousands of barrels per day (kbd):

1. Reliance Jamnagar - Gujarat, India - 1,240 kbd. The largest refining complex on Earth, privately owned by Reliance Industries. Two integrated refineries on a single site.
2. PDVSA Paraguaná - Falcón, Venezuela - 955 kbd. This is nameplate capacity; real-world output runs far below it after years of underinvestment.
3. SK Energy Ulsan - South Korea - 840 kbd.
4. GS Caltex Yeosu - South Korea - 775 kbd.
5. S-Oil Onsan - Ulsan, South Korea - 669 kbd.
6. Dangote - Lagos, Nigeria - 650 kbd. The newest on the list (started up 2024) and Africa's largest, built to end Nigeria's dependence on imported fuel.
7. Port Arthur - Texas, USA - 600 kbd. The biggest refinery in North America (operated by Motiva, owned by Saudi Aramco).
8. ExxonMobil Jurong Island - Singapore - 592 kbd.
9. ExxonMobil Beaumont - Texas, USA - 584 kbd.
10. Saudi Aramco Ras Tanura - Saudi Arabia - 550 kbd.

I was going to share this at r/literature but I "don't have enough karma." Oh laa dee da. Not enough karma for the literature subreddit. Well excuse me. Guess I'll just share this with my map friends.

Red: 1 Million or more, Grey: less than 1 Million

Those wide swaths of red? Tiny population.

The counties where the people mostly live? They are blue.

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/515S2a

Mapping the seniors who’ll lose Social Security to pay for Musk’s billion dollar SpaceX handout
https://thedemlabs.org/2026/06/08/musk-spacex-grift-cuts-social-security/

• Musk spent over $290 million to get Trump elected - CNN
• Trump gives Musk $22 billion in Govt. contracts - Fed Spend
• Tesla Reported Zero Federal Income Tax on $5.7 Billion of U.S. Income in 2025 - ITEP
• Musk to become first trillionaire. - CNN
• Nearly Every Republican Votes for Amendment That Would Slash Social Security - Larson

Social Security average payment $18,000/year

$22 billion handout / $18,000 = 1.2 million

1,200,000 seniors will lose one year's Social Security to pay for Musk's $22 billion handout.

Source: https://www.britannica.com/science/ocean-current

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup\_R1b

Human Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88: a paternal genetic record of early mid Holocene trans-Saharan connections and the spread of Chadic languages: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2987365/

Source: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3267120/

Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Afro-Asiatic-languages

I want to acknowledge that it is very difficult to map this current war out.
I used three sources: Wikipedia map, BalkanMapper and liveuamap. But, those three show for various parts different frontlines.