Jaroslav Pelikan, who died on May 13 aged 82, was one of the
world's foremost scholars of the history of Christianity.

Pelikan was the author of more than 30 books, but his magnum opus
was The Christian Tradition, a five-volume history of Church doctrine published
between 1971 and 1989 and tracing the story of what, in its 20 centuries, "the
church of Jesus Christ has believed, taught, and confessed on the basis of the
word of God".

In all The Christian Tradition runs to more than 2,100 pages;
there are 80 pages of references to modern authorities, and another 100 for
"authors and texts" in their original languages (Latin, Greek, German, French,
Russian, Danish, Czech and Swedish, among others).

The five volumes deal with the history of doctrine from the early
Church through the Reformation and up to the modern era. Nothing comparable had
been attempted since the work of the German church historian Adolf von Harnack a
century earlier; one commentator compared Pelikan to a "medieval craftsman" who
had constructed "the print equivalent of a Salisbury cathedral or Chartres".

His original intention had been to publish all five volumes at
once (so that he could revise earlier material in the light of new insights and
research), until a friend advised him: "You will die with the biggest filing
cabinet in the world and no book."

Pelikan's interest was not so much in theological debate as in
demonstrating historical continuity. He examined the way in which doctrine
changed over time, noting that it often had to "catch up" with changes in
religious practice, and detecting a constant effort to maintain the Church's
identity and universality. He once defined tradition as "the living faith of the
dead"; traditionalism as "the dead faith of the living".

The eldest of three children, Jaroslav Jan Pelikan was born on
December 17 1923 at Akron, Ohio; he was named after an elder brother who had
died at 10 days old, and many years later Pelikan observed: "By giving me his
name, which I'm told by people in pediatric psychiatry is not a good idea, I'm
sure in some sense [my parents] saw me as a surrogate for him. I unconsciously
took that role of fulfilling the hopes they had for him as well as for me."

His father was a Lutheran minister from Slovakia, his mother a
schoolteacher who had been born in Serbia. The family was both scholarly and, on
his father's side, steeped in the Lutheran tradition: a great-uncle was one of
the last Lutheran bishops in pre-Communist Czechoslovakia, and his grandfather
had been the first bishop of the Slovak Lutheran Synod of North America.

Jaroslav could read by the age of two, and because he could not
yet control a pen his father taught him to type. From his Serbian mother, he
learned the Cyrillic alphabet, and by the age of 15 he was reading Russian; in
boyhood he learned to speak Slovakian, Serbo-Croat, Czech and German.

Admitted to the Oliver High School, Pittsburgh, aged only nine,
Jaroslav was adopted by a group of black football players who protected him from
bullies. Later he attended a Lutheran boarding school in Indiana where he
learned Greek, Latin, Hebrew and Syriac.

Pelikan went on to the Concordia Seminary at St Louis, although
he had no ambition to become a pastor. He combined his degree at the seminary
with a doctoral thesis at the University of Chicago on the Lutheran and Hussite
reformations.

He taught for three years at a university in Indiana, then at the
Concordia Seminary from which he had graduated. In 1950 he published From Luther
to Kierkegaard, and in 1953 accepted a teaching post at Chicago.

His next book, Fools For Christ (1955), was a wide-ranging work
which addressed figures from St Paul to Dostoyevsky, Luther to Nietzsche,
Kierkegaard to Johann Sebastian Bach. The Riddle of Roman Catholicism (1959)
pointed to the common ground between Protestants and Catholics, and suggested
how both communions could learn from ecumenical dialogue.

In 1961 he published The Shape of Death. Addressing the thoughts
of five church fathers (Tatian, Clement of Alexandria, Cyprian, Origen and
Irenaeus), he examined the "core of the Christian faith", a "pessimism about
life and optimism about God, and therefore hope for life in God". In the
following year he went to Yale as Professor of Ecclesiastical History at the
Divinity School.

Obedient Rebels (1964) argued that Luther had been a conservative
reformer who "believed he was standing for the same gospel for which the church
had stood before it became corrupt and condemned him".

Pelikan's many other publications included The Christian
Intellectual (1966); Spirit Versus Structure: Luther and the Institutions of the
Church (1968); Jesus Through the Centuries (1985); and Mary Through the
Centuries: Her Place in the History of Culture (1996). Between 1955 and 1970 he
edited the 22-volume Luther's Works. Last year he published Whose Bible Is It?:
A History of the Scriptures Through the Ages.

In 1972 Pelikan was appointed Sterling Professor of History and
Religious Studies at Yale. He was dean of the Yale Graduate School from 1975 to
1978.

He was a former president of the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences, and was appointed by Bill Clinton to serve on the President's
Committee on the Arts and Humanities. He was awarded more than 40 honorary
degrees.

In 1983 he delivered the Jefferson Lecture for the National
Endowment for the Humanities; in 1992-93 and 1993-94 he gave the Gifford
lectures in Scotland. Pelikan edited the religion section of Encyclopedia
Britannica, and in 1980 founded the Council of Scholars at the Library of
Congress.

In 2004 Pelikan shared (with the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur)
the $1 million John W Kluge prize. Pelikan donated his award to St Vladimir's
Orthodox Theological Seminary, of which he was a trustee; he had converted to
the Eastern Orthodox Church in 1998.

Jaroslav Pelikan married, in 1946, Sylvia Burica. They had two
sons and a daughter.