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Пишет ham_tramwaynyi (![[info]](http://lj.rossia.org/img/userinfo.gif){kind=small} ham_tramwaynyi)@ 2007-01-23 12:24:00 |
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Чума как причина различий между Восточной и Западной Европой
Я понимаю, что Википедия, в отличие от напечатанных на бумаге энциклопедий, не может служить полностью достоверным источником, по причине способа ее формирования, при котором почти кто угодно может добавлять или выкидывать куски. Но пассаж из Википедии, содержащий одну из гипотез, объясняющих причины существенных ментальных и политических различий между Западной и Восточной Европой, на мой взгляд, заслуживает внимания:
In Eastern Europe, by contrast, renewed stringency of laws tied the remaining peasant population more tightly to the land than ever before through serfdom. Sparsely populated Eastern Europe was less affected by the Black Death and so peasant revolts were less common in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, not occurring in the east until the sixteenth through nineteenth centuries. Since it is believed to have in part caused the social upheavals of fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Western Europe, some see the Black Death as a factor in the Renaissance and even the Reformation in Western Europe. Therefore, historians have cited the smaller impact of the plague as a contributing factor in Eastern Europe's failure to experience either of these movements on a similar scale. Extrapolating from this, the Black Death may be seen as partly responsible for Eastern Europe's considerable lag in scientific and philosophical advances as well as in the move to liberalise government by restricting the power of the monarch and aristocracy. A common example is that England is seen to have effectively ended serfdom by 1550 while moving towards more representative government; meanwhile, Russia did not abolish serfdom until an autocratic tsar decreed so in 1861.
Хотелось бы узнать мнение историков и философов по поводу выделенных жирным шрифтом отрывков. Впрочем, разумеется, высказаться по существу впороса может любой.
Я понимаю, что Википедия, в отличие от напечатанных на бумаге энциклопедий, не может служить полностью достоверным источником, по причине способа ее формирования, при котором почти кто угодно может добавлять или выкидывать куски. Но пассаж из Википедии, содержащий одну из гипотез, объясняющих причины существенных ментальных и политических различий между Западной и Восточной Европой, на мой взгляд, заслуживает внимания:
In Eastern Europe, by contrast, renewed stringency of laws tied the remaining peasant population more tightly to the land than ever before through serfdom. Sparsely populated Eastern Europe was less affected by the Black Death and so peasant revolts were less common in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, not occurring in the east until the sixteenth through nineteenth centuries. Since it is believed to have in part caused the social upheavals of fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Western Europe, some see the Black Death as a factor in the Renaissance and even the Reformation in Western Europe. Therefore, historians have cited the smaller impact of the plague as a contributing factor in Eastern Europe's failure to experience either of these movements on a similar scale. Extrapolating from this, the Black Death may be seen as partly responsible for Eastern Europe's considerable lag in scientific and philosophical advances as well as in the move to liberalise government by restricting the power of the monarch and aristocracy. A common example is that England is seen to have effectively ended serfdom by 1550 while moving towards more representative government; meanwhile, Russia did not abolish serfdom until an autocratic tsar decreed so in 1861.
Хотелось бы узнать мнение историков и философов по поводу выделенных жирным шрифтом отрывков. Впрочем, разумеется, высказаться по существу впороса может любой.
