Монголия, геология
Карты
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/map_sites/country_sites.html
http://www.boojumx.com/maps.html

Атлас Монголии
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Mongolia

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_Mongolia_topographic_de.jpg

satellite image of mongolia

http://geology.com/world/mongolia-satellite-image.shtml

Геологическая карта

http://www.geocities.jp/y95480/geomon3.png
http://www.geocities.jp/y95480/geologymonen.htm

Тектоническая карта




http://www.hoeckmann.de/karten/asien/china/china24.png
http://www.hoeckmann.de/karten/asien/mongolei/index-en.htm

Подборка по Монголии
New Mongolian Terrane Map

http://www.le.ac.uk/geology/wdc2/terrane%20map.jpg

Quaternary Fault Map for Altai, Gobi Altai and Easternmost Tien Shan Regions

http://www.le.ac.uk/geology/wdc2/entire%20region%20fault%20map%20with%20GPSfh9%20no%20boxes.jpg
http://www.le.ac.uk/geology/wdc2/Cunningham%20chapter%207%20published.pdf

Active Fault Map for SW Mongolia and Easternmost Tien Shan

http://www.le.ac.uk/geology/wdc2/SW%20fault%20map

http://www.le.ac.uk/geology/wdc2/wdchome.html

MONGOLIA – URANIUM

http://www.unuudur.com/?p=4738

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The Mongolian mining industry has been playing a major role in the economy, especially in the total output of the industrial sector, for many years. For the last 5-6 years it has been a main driver of the economic growth, which has averaged over 7 percent per annum. The industry’s share in the total GDP more than tripled just in 5 years, increasing from 10 percent in 2002 to 33 percent in 2007. Currently, Mongolia’s mining and minerals sector generates more than three quarters of its total export revenues, and employs more than 42 thousand people, which accounts for around 4 percent of the total labor force.


Mongolia’s vast territory has a great potential to have rich mineral deposits including gold, copper, coal, fluorspar, silver, uranium, and 24.8% of the Mongolian territory is covered by general exploration work and geological mapping at scale of 1:50 000. Mongolia produces gold, copper, coal, fluorspar, zinc, iron ore, tungsten, and exports nearly all its produced copper concentrate, molybdenum, coal and zinc to China, fluorspar to Russia, the United States, Ukraine, gold to Canada, the United States, United Kingdom, and China.

Gold
Over the last 17 years Mongolia’s gold mining sector has seen a spectacular growth, experiencing almost thirty-fold increase in gold production. Besides the significant contribution of the Gold Program launched in mid-1990s, the sector saw a big leap forward of 71 percent in 2004. Almost all of this increase was a result of Centerra’s Boroo gold mine, which produced 7.5 tonnes of gold after it launched commercial operations in March, 2004. Gold production, however, has started to drop since 2006 after the Parliament amended the Minerals Law and hastily adopted a Law on Gold and Copper Windfall Profits Tax. Mongolia produced 17.5 tonnes of gold in 2007, down from 24.1 tonnes in 2005.

Copper
Copper is one of the critical mineral resources for the Mongolian economy. Since mid-1970s Erdenet, copper concentrate producing Mongolian-Russian joint venture, has been the economic driver, contributing almost quarter of the total industrial output. Erdenet Copper Mine produces around 120-135 thousand metric tons of copper annually and mainly exports to China, Russia, and the United States. Ivanhoe Mines, a Canadian mining company running exploration in the southern Mongolia, discovered one of the largest copper-gold deposits in the world, which creates a great potential to increase the production of copper concentrate substantially in the near future. For production of pure copper, Erdmin Company, an American-Mongolian joint-venture, is the first-ever producer and exporter of cathode copper, which has been operating at the tailings of Erdenet Copper Mine since 1997. As of 2007, Mongolia produced more than 600 thousand tons of copper concentrate and over 3200 tons of cathode copper.

Coal
Coal has been the prime source for power generation in Mongolia. Mongolia possesses over 300 coal deposits and occurrences, and around 200 of them are currently exploited as open pit mines, producing 5.5 million tons in 2002, 5.9 million tons in 2003 and 7.8 million tons in 2006. Coal extraction has been steadily growing over the last few years, and it has been highly likely to increase to a great extent in the near future thanks to tendency of high coal prices at the world markets and increasing demand for energy in China, Mongolia’s southern neighbor. Tavantolgoi coking coal deposit in the southern Gobi of Mongolia is seen to be a deposit of great future. The deposit is endowed with 5 billion tons of coking coal reserves, of which 2.8 billion tons are available for an open pit extraction.

Fluor Spar
Fluor spar is predominantly produced by mines of “Mongolrostsvetmet”, a Mongolian-Russian joint venture. The output is exported to Russia and Ukraine. Emergence of small fluorspar producers contributed to the increase of metallurgical fluorspar, which diversifies export destinations on to China, South Korea and other countries. In 2007 Mongolia exported over 360 thousand tons of fluorspar.

Contribution to the State budget
Companies and corporations running mining and exploration businesses in Mongolia make substantial contributions to the economy by paying over 20 types of taxes, fees and charges to the state and local budgets. For example, 3.1 billions of Mongolian togrogs (Tg) in 2002, 3.5 billions Tg in 2003, 8.2 billions Tg in 2004, 19.2 billions Tg in 2005 were paid to the state budget as exploration and operation license fees. Mining and exploration companies paid over 270 billions Tg, which accounted for nearly 30 percent of the total state budget revenue, as income taxes (62 billions Tg), royalties (24 billions) and land and water use fees (7.2 billions Tg) and other taxes, fees and charges. As of 2007 mining and mineral sector’s contribution to the state budget has reached over 40 percent.

Exploration investments
Exploration expenditures, especially by foreign capital rose dramatically during the last 6 years. According to the reports of Metals Economics Group, in years 2004 and 2006 exploration expenditures in Mongolia accounted for 4% of the global exploration expenditures making Mongolia one of the world’s top ten destinations for the mineral exploration.


As the figure above shows, the exploration investments more than doubled between 2005 and 2006, reaching over 200 billion togrogs (180 million US dollars). Major exploration investments have been spent to exploring gold, copper, uranium, fluorspar, and coal.
http://www.miningmongolia.mn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=20&Itemid=38
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Книги
Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia
http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1765/p1765.pdf
http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1765/

Спутниковые снимки
http://www.pacgeo.com/application/geology/geology.htm

The Mongolian Mining Journal

http://www.mongolianminingjournal.com/

Geological mapping of selected areas of Mongolia at a scale 1:50,000
http://www.geology.cz/extranet-eng/science/inter-cooperation/mongolia

Khan Resources Inc. Dornod Uranium Project INVESTOR OVERVIEW
http://www.khanresources.com/investors/pdf/khan-presentation-dornod-uranium-project.pdf

Geology of Mongolia : a reconnaissance report based on the investigations of the years 1922-1923 (1927)
http://www.archive.org/details/geologyofmongoli00berk
http://www.archive.org/download/geologyofmongoli00berk/geologyofmongoli00berk.pdf

Category:Mining in Mongolia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mining_in_Mongolia
Category:Mines in Mongolia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mines_in_Mongolia

Путешествие в Монголию. 1923-1926 — Козлов П.К.
http://free-kniga.ru/images/stories/books/geo/kozlova.zip

Книги
http://book.anabar.ru/book.html

Entrée Gold
http://www.entreegold.com/projects/mongolia/
Местрождение Heruga (Cu-Au-Mo)
http://www.entreegold.com/projects/mongolia/heruga/
Hugo North Extension (Cu-Au)
http://www.entreegold.com/projects/mongolia/hugo_north/
Shivee West
http://www.entreegold.com/projects/mongolia/shivee_west/
Nomkhon Bohr
http://www.entreegold.com/projects/mongolia/nomkhon_bohr/

Российские компании в Монголии
http://www.vedomosti.ru/smartmoney/article/2007/12/17/4631

Goldman prizewinner shoots up foreign mining firms in Mongolia
http://www.consciousbeingalliance.com/2010/12/post-2/

The Mineral Industry of Mongolia in 2000 (Source: USGS)
http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country/2000/9319000.pdf

Reconstruction and prediction of climate and vegetation change in the Holocene in the Altai–Sayan mountains, Central Asia
http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/4/4/045025/fulltext