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Usgs Assessment: Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Azov–Kuban Basin Province, 2010
The U.S. Geological Survey, using a geology-based assessment methodology, estimated mean volumes of technically recoverable, conventional, undiscovered petroleum resources at 218 million barrels of crude oil, 4.1 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and 94 million barrels of natural gas liquids for the Azov–Kuban Basin Province.
Introduction
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) estimated technically recoverable, conventional, undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Azov–Kuban Basin Province in Ukraine and Russia as part of a program to estimate petroleum resources for priority basins around the world. The province encompasses about 161,000 square kilometers, northeast of the Black Sea (fig. 1). This assessment was based on published geologic information and on commercial data from oil and gas wells and fields, and field production records. The USGS approach is to define total petroleum systems and assessment units, and assess the potential for undiscovered oil and gas resources.
Total Petroleum Systems and Assessment Units
One total petroleum system (TPS), the Mesozoic–Cenozoic Composite, was defined for the Azov-Kuban Basin Province (table 1) to include petroleum source rocks ranging in age from Jurassic through lower Neogene. One assessment unit (AU) was defined geologically within the TPS that encompasses the entire province—Foredeep and Foreland Slope (figs. 1 and 2). A second AU possibly containing continuous accumulations, Foredeep Tight Gas, was identified based on an assumed overpressured section in the basin center, but was not quantitatively assessed in this study.
Major source rocks are mudstones within the middle–upper Eocene and Oligocene–lower Miocene stratigraphic section. Potential source rocks include Lower Cretaceous and Lower to Middle Jurassic mudstones, and possibly Upper Jurassic subsalt black mudstones. Cenozoic source rocks at present are in the oil window; maturation was probably reached in late Miocene to Pliocene time when the greatest amount of sediment was deposited. Older source rocks at present are overmature in oil generation, having matured in the Late Cretaceous to Paleogene. Most known recoverable crude oil was discovered in Paleogene–Neogene reservoirs (down to a depth of 4,600 m) and most of the known recoverable natural gas was discovered in Cretaceous reservoirs (down to a depth of 6,100 m), although Cenozoic reservoirs also contain significant quantities of natural gas. Seal rocks include Oligocene–Miocene mudstones, intraformational mudstones, and Upper Jurassic evaporites, as well as tar in shallow accumulations. Identified traps are formed by structures associated with (1) mud diapirs, (2) compressional structures (faults and anticlines), (3) basement-related anticlines, and (4) drapes over basement highs and inverted Triassic rifts. Jurassic and Cretaceous reef facies also provide traps.
The future potential for undiscovered conventional oil and gas accumulations is in structures associated with mud diapirs, deep (>3.5 km) compressional and basement-related structural traps, and stratigraphic traps, which previously have not been fully exploited. Potential stratigraphic traps include upper Paleogene–Neogene slope and basin gravity-flow deposits, upper Neogene fluvial deposits, and reefs and reef facies in Cretaceous–lower Paleogene and Upper Jurassic subsalt intervals. Offshore areas are less explored than onshore, and therefore have greater potential for undiscovered accumulations.
Assessment Results
Estimates of volumes of technically recoverable, conventional, and undiscovered oil and gas resources are shown in table 1. No attempt was made to estimate economically recoverable resources because it is beyond the scope of this study. The mean volumes of undiscovered petroleum are approximately 218 million barrels (MMB) of crude oil, 4,093 billion cubic feet (BCF) of natural gas (290 BCF of associated and dissolved natural gas and 3,803 BCF of nonassociated natural gas), and 94 MMB of natural gas liquids.
http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3052/
http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3052/pdf/f
The U.S. Geological Survey, using a geology-based assessment methodology, estimated mean volumes of technically recoverable, conventional, undiscovered petroleum resources at 218 million barrels of crude oil, 4.1 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and 94 million barrels of natural gas liquids for the Azov–Kuban Basin Province.
Introduction
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) estimated technically recoverable, conventional, undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Azov–Kuban Basin Province in Ukraine and Russia as part of a program to estimate petroleum resources for priority basins around the world. The province encompasses about 161,000 square kilometers, northeast of the Black Sea (fig. 1). This assessment was based on published geologic information and on commercial data from oil and gas wells and fields, and field production records. The USGS approach is to define total petroleum systems and assessment units, and assess the potential for undiscovered oil and gas resources.
Total Petroleum Systems and Assessment Units
One total petroleum system (TPS), the Mesozoic–Cenozoic Composite, was defined for the Azov-Kuban Basin Province (table 1) to include petroleum source rocks ranging in age from Jurassic through lower Neogene. One assessment unit (AU) was defined geologically within the TPS that encompasses the entire province—Foredeep and Foreland Slope (figs. 1 and 2). A second AU possibly containing continuous accumulations, Foredeep Tight Gas, was identified based on an assumed overpressured section in the basin center, but was not quantitatively assessed in this study.
Major source rocks are mudstones within the middle–upper Eocene and Oligocene–lower Miocene stratigraphic section. Potential source rocks include Lower Cretaceous and Lower to Middle Jurassic mudstones, and possibly Upper Jurassic subsalt black mudstones. Cenozoic source rocks at present are in the oil window; maturation was probably reached in late Miocene to Pliocene time when the greatest amount of sediment was deposited. Older source rocks at present are overmature in oil generation, having matured in the Late Cretaceous to Paleogene. Most known recoverable crude oil was discovered in Paleogene–Neogene reservoirs (down to a depth of 4,600 m) and most of the known recoverable natural gas was discovered in Cretaceous reservoirs (down to a depth of 6,100 m), although Cenozoic reservoirs also contain significant quantities of natural gas. Seal rocks include Oligocene–Miocene mudstones, intraformational mudstones, and Upper Jurassic evaporites, as well as tar in shallow accumulations. Identified traps are formed by structures associated with (1) mud diapirs, (2) compressional structures (faults and anticlines), (3) basement-related anticlines, and (4) drapes over basement highs and inverted Triassic rifts. Jurassic and Cretaceous reef facies also provide traps.
The future potential for undiscovered conventional oil and gas accumulations is in structures associated with mud diapirs, deep (>3.5 km) compressional and basement-related structural traps, and stratigraphic traps, which previously have not been fully exploited. Potential stratigraphic traps include upper Paleogene–Neogene slope and basin gravity-flow deposits, upper Neogene fluvial deposits, and reefs and reef facies in Cretaceous–lower Paleogene and Upper Jurassic subsalt intervals. Offshore areas are less explored than onshore, and therefore have greater potential for undiscovered accumulations.
Assessment Results
Estimates of volumes of technically recoverable, conventional, and undiscovered oil and gas resources are shown in table 1. No attempt was made to estimate economically recoverable resources because it is beyond the scope of this study. The mean volumes of undiscovered petroleum are approximately 218 million barrels (MMB) of crude oil, 4,093 billion cubic feet (BCF) of natural gas (290 BCF of associated and dissolved natural gas and 3,803 BCF of nonassociated natural gas), and 94 MMB of natural gas liquids.
http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3052/
http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3052/pdf/f
