Transcriptomic disruption and functional hypoactivity in DYT-SGCE MGE-patterned inhibitory neurons
Myoclonus Dystonia is a dystonic movement disorder caused by SGCE mutations, the underlying pathophysiology for which remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the impact of SGCE mutations on medial ganglionic eminence (MGE)-derived GABAergic neurons using patient-derived induced pluripotent and gene edited embryonic stem cell lines, each compared to their isogenic wild-type control. No significant differences were observed in markers of neuronal development however, single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrated transcriptomic dysregulation in genes related to axonal organization, synaptic signalling, and action potential generation in the SGCE-mutation harbouring neurons. Functional assays demonstrated reduced neurite outgrowth, lower calcium responses to GABA, and decreased neuronal excitability and network activity in the SGCE-mutant neurons. These findings contrast with the hyperexcitable phenotype previously observed in SGCE-mutant cortical glutamatergic neurons. Collectively, this supports loss of neuronal inhibitory activity, and disruption to the neuronal excitatory/inhibitory balance in motor circuits, in contributing to the overall hyperkinetic clinical phenotype in Myoclonus Dystonia.