Adolescent Binge Ethanol Exposure Confers Lasting Alcohol Tolerance across a Cumulative Ethanol Challenge in Adulthood: Involvement of Proinflammatory HMGB1 Signaling
Background. Epidemiological studies suggest heavy adolescent binge drinking is strongly associated with later development of an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Alcohol tolerance (i.e., an acquired reduction in acute alcohol responsivity) is a universally recognized symptom of AUD, but the direct contribution of adolescent binge drinking to adult alcohol tolerance is poorly understood. Methods and Materials. To investigate the contributions of adolescent binge ethanol exposure to lasting acquisition of acute tolerance, we used our ethanol response battery (ERB) to assess intoxication rating, hypothermia, motor coordination, and balance across cumulative ethanol doses (i.e., 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 g/kg) in adult female Wistar rats following adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and glycyrrhizic acid treatment following AIE. Results. We report AIE, which models human adolescent binge drinking, confers lasting alcohol tolerance across cumulative ethanol doses and blunts ethanol-induced increases in proinflammatory HMGB1 plasma levels. Adolescent LPS (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment, which mimics AIE-induced HMGB1-mediated neuroinflammation, induces adult alcohol tolerance and blunts HMGB1 release across cumulative ethanol doses on the ERB. Assessment of proinflammatory HMGB1 involvement in AIE-induced acquisition of lasting alcohol tolerance revealed that post-AIE administration of the HMGB1 inhibitor glycyrrhizic acid reversed the AIE-induced acquisition of alcohol tolerance in adulthood. Conclusions. These data reveal that (1) adolescent binge drinking confers long-lasting low ethanol responsivity, (2) proinflammatory neuroimmune activation contributes to the development of alcohol tolerance, and (3) blockade of proinflammatory HMGB1 signaling reverses AIE-induced acquisition of alcohol tolerance in adulthood. These findings suggest a potential mechanistic target for the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of AUD.