A new species, Rotala biglandulosa, is described here from the northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India. It is closely similar to R. juniperina but can be distinguished morphologically based on having stamens arising from base of the floral tube, the presence of three bipartite nectary gland, and capsules exceeding the floral tube. A phylogenetic study based on nrITS and psbA–trnH loci also confirmed the status of R. biglandulosa as a distinct species.