Liparis maguanensis, a new orchid species from Yunnan province of China, is described and illustrated here based on morphological and molecular analyses. Morphologically, this species closely resembles L. viridiflora, but it can be distinguished by having only a single leaf (versus two leaves in L. viridiflora), a 15–25 cm long loosely 40–45-flowered inflorescence (versus 14–40 cm, densely 80–90-flowered), and a 2–4 cm obovate-elliptic pseudobulb (versus 7–18 cm, cylindric). Phylogenetic analysis using nrITS and plastid matK DNA sequences further supports the distinctiveness of Liparis maguanensis as a separate species.