Armadillosuchus is an extinct genus of sphagesaurid crocodylomorph. It was described in February 2009 from the Late Cretaceous Bauru Basin of Brazil. Armadillosuchus length was estimated on 2 m (7 ft) with a weight of 120 kg.

 Sphagesaurids share a number of mammal-like features in their teeth and jaws, although they are unrelated to mammals. Armadillosuchus is especially mammal-like in that it had heavy body armor characterized by flexible bands and rigid shields that covered its back, less like the traditional osteoderms that line the backs of most crurotarsans and more like that of a modern armadillo (hence the genus name meaning "armadillo crocodile"). Because of its unique morphology, it is believed to have had a terrestrial and quite possibly fossorial lifestyle.

 90 млн лет назад по территории современной Бразилии ползали двухметровые крокодилы, покрытые костяным панцирем. Необычная рептилия предпочитала засушливый климат и разгрызала жертв мелкими зубками.

 Бразильские палеонтологи обнаружили близ Сан-Паулу череп, ребра и лапу «самого экзотического крокодила из найденных на сегодняшний день».

 Эта похожая на броненосца рептилия жила 90 млн лет назад, в меловом периоде. Шея и верхняя часть ее спины были защищены костными пластинами. В длину животное достигало 2 м, а весило около 120 кг, пишет Reuters.

 Кости необычного крокодила были впервые найдены в 2005 году. За это время ученым из университета Рио-де-Жанейро удалось реконструировать скелет и облик животного. У него была узкая короткая пасть с мелкими зубами, которые, как полагают ученые, являются результатом приспособления к питанию определенным видом добычи. Каким именно — палеонтологи пока не выяснили. Они уверены лишь в одном: двухметровый архозавр был хищником.

 Палеонтолог Измар де Соуза Карвальо, представлявший скелет и макет этой древней рептилии на пресс-конференции в Рио-де-Жанейро, охарактеризовал крокодила как «уникального, нигде более на планете не найденного». Ученые определили эту рептилию в новый род — Armadillosuchus (крокодил-броненосец). Видовое название животного (Armadillosuchus Arrudai) образовано от фамилии профессора Тадеу Арруды, который первым наткнулся на кости хищника.

 Этот крокодил был похож на современных броненосцев не только внешним видом, но и условиями обитания. «Кости армадиллозуха найдены лишь в центре штата Сан-Паулу, что удивительно: ведь это опровергает мысль, что крокодилы обитают лишь в жарком и влажном климате. В этом случае мы имеем дело с крокодилами, которые жили в сухом, аридном климате», — отметил де Соуза. Палеонтологи полагают, что 90 млн лет назад средняя дневная температура на территории современной Бразилии превышала 45 градусов, при этом водоемы здесь были редкостью.

 Результаты исследования бразильских палеонтологов опубликованы в журнале Journal of South American Earth Science.

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Tags: Вымершие рептилии, Мел, архозавроморфы, архозавры, диапсиды, зифозухии, крокодиломорфы, круротарзы, мезоэукрокодилии, нотозухии, равизухии

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 Baurusuchus is an extinct genus of baurusuchid mesoeucrocodylian from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil. It was a terrestrial predator and scavenger, about 3.5 to 4 metres (11 to 13 ft) long and 80 to 100 kilograms (180 to 220 lb) in weight. Baurusuchus lived during the Turonian to Santonian stages (90-83.5 million years ago) of the Late Cretaceous Period, in Adamantina Formation, Brazil.^[2] It gets its name from the Brazilian Bauru Group ("Bauru crocodile"). It was related to the earlier-named Cynodontosuchus rothi, which was smaller, with weaker dentition (Bonaparte, 1996). The three species are B. pachechoi (Price, 1945), B. salgadoensis (Carvalho et al., 2005) (named after General Salgado County in São Paulo, Brazil) and B. albertoi (Nascimento & Zaher, 2010) (named after Dr. Alberto Barbosa de Carvalho, Brazilian paleontologist). Its relatives include the similarly sized Stratiotosuchus from the Adamantina Formation, and Pabweshi, from the Pakistani Pab Formation.

 B. salgadoensis is seen as a terrestrial predator, living in hot and arid climate. The position of the external nares was unsuited for an amphibious lifestyle like in modern crocodilians and the snout and teeth are laterally compressed like in theropods. Both of this supports the terrestrial hypothesis. The hot environment hypothesis is based on the lifestyle of modern crocodilians and the stratigraphy of Baurusuchus. B. salgadoensis was found in fine massive sandstones which are interpreted as a floodplain area in hot and arid climate. Baurusuchus was likely able to dig holes for finding water in dry seasons or, like modern alligators do, for thermoregulation. The occurrence of very complete skeletons in correlated stratigraphic levels supports this. Such a strategy would have made it less water-bound than most modern crocodiles, allowing it to live in more continental climate. The strongly bent pterygoids suggest a powerful bite and that Baurusuchus could close it's jaw very quickly. The skull and teeth morphology (biology) indicates that the biting strategies of Baurusuchus were similar to a komodo dragon which include ambushing the prey, biting it and pulling back the serrated, blade-like teeth. Baurusuchus likely played an important role in it's ecosystem, competing with the abelisaurids for food.

 Баурузух - сухопутный крокодиломорф позднего мелового периода из местности Бауру (Бразилия).

 Тяжелый, мощный, уплощенный с боков череп, скорее предназначенный, для продирания сквозь густую кустарниковую растительность, нежели чем для охоты в водной среде. Возможно, конкурировал с хищными динозаврами (абелизавридами).

 Удивительная особенность этой рептилии – на черепе явные признаки строения, свойственные только крупным плотоядным динозаврам: это antorbital fenestra – широкое отверстие между ноздрями и глазницами, которое появилось еще у архозавров в раннем Триасовом периоде, этот признак сохранили птицы, но полностью утратили современные крокодилы.

 Кроме того баурузух отличался невысокими гребнями сверху черепа. Строение крестцовых позвонков явно свидетельствует об успешном приспособлении к активному перемещению по суше.

 Имел высокие грацильные (почти собачьи по строению) лапы. Специалисты в 2010 году предположили, что по строению передних конечностей вполне был способен в засушливые периоды вырывать достаточно глубокие ямы в поисках воды

 Sebecosuchia is an extinct group of mesoeucrocodylian crocodyliforms that includes the families Sebecidae and Baurusuchidae. The group first appeared in the Late Cretaceous with the baurusuchids and went extinct in the Miocene with the last sebecids. Fossils have been found primarily from South America but have also been found in Europe, North Africa, and Asia. Some recent studies have separated Baurusuchidae and Sebecidae, making Sebecosuchia polyphyletic, but others have retained it as a valid grouping.

 Sebecosuchia was first constructed in 1946 by American paleontologist Edwin Colbert to include Sebecus and Baurusuchidae. Sebecus, which had been known from South America since 1937, was an unusual crocodyliform with a deep snout and teeth that were ziphodont, or serrated and laterally compressed. The family Baurusuchidae was named the year before and included the newly described Baurusuchus, which was also a South American deep-snouted form.

 More recently, other crocodyliforms have been assigned to Sebecosuchia that cannot be placed into either family. These include the genera Eremosuchus, named in 1989, and Pehuenchesuchus, named in 2005. They are usually considered to be more basal sebecosuchians than the sebecids and baurusuchids.

 Baurusuchidae is a Gondwanan family of mesoeucrocodylians that lived during the Late Cretaceous. It is a group of terrestrial hypercarnivorous crocodilians from South America (Argentina and Brazil) and possibly Pakistan. Baurusuchidae has been defined as a clade containing the most recent common ancestor of Baurusuchus and Stratiotosuchus and all of its descendants. It may, however, be polyphyletic, as recent phylogenetic analyses have placed Baurusuchus within Notosuchia and other baurusuchids within the more distantly related clade Sebecia. A recent study of the family finds it monophyletic by including the South American genera Baurusuchus, Cynodontosuchus, Pissarrachampsa, Stratiotosuchus, and Wargosuchus. Other traditional baurusuchids like Pabwehshi are excluded. The recently named Campinasuchus is also included in the family. Baurusuchids have been placed in the suborder Baurusuchia, and two subfamilies have been proposed: Baurusuchinae and Pissarrachampsinae.

 Several genera have been assigned to Baurusuchidae. Baurusuchus was the first, being the namesake of the family. Remains of Baurusuchus have been found from the Late Cretaceous Bauru Group of Brazil in deposits that are Turonian - Santonian in age. In addition to Baurusuchus, five other South American crocodyliforms have been assigned to Baurusuchidae: Campinasuchus, Cynodontosuchus, Pissarrachampsa, Stratiotosuchus, and Wargosuchus. Cynodontosuchus was the first known baurusuchid, named in 1896 by English paleontologist Arthur Smith Woodward, although it was only recently assigned to Baurusuchidae. Wargosuchus was described in 2008.^[3] Cynodontosuchus and Wargosuchus are known only from fragmentary remains. Both genera are from the Santonian of Argentina.

 A fourth genus, Stratiotosuchus, was assigned to Baurusuchidae in 2001. Fossils have been found from the Turonian - Santonian of Brazil. Pabwehshi is the youngest genus that has been assigned to Baurusuchidae, and is from the Maastrichtian of Pakistan. It was named in 2001 but has since been reassigned as a basal member of Sebecia.

A new genus, Campinasuchus, was assigned to the family in May, 2011. It is known from the Turonian-Santonian Adamantina Formation of the Bauru Basin of Brazil. Soon after, the new genus Pissarrachampsa was named from the Campanian–Maastrichtian Vale do Rio do Peixe Formation, also in the Bauru Basin.

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Tags: Вымершие рептилии, Мел, архозавроморфы, архозавры, баурузухиды, диапсиды, зифозухии, крокодиломорфы, круротарзы, мезоэукрокодилии, нотозухии, равизухии, себекозухии

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 Campinasuchus is an extinct genus of baurusuchid mesoeucrocodylian from Minas Gerais State of Brazil.

 Campinasuchus is known from four partial skulls from the Honorópolis District of the Adamantina Formation, Bauru Basin, dating to the Turonian or the Santonian stage of the late Cretaceous, about 93.5-83.5 million years ago. The specimens were collected at Três Antas Farm, Campina Verde County of the Minas Gerais State. The holotype CPP 1235 consists of a well preserved posterior skull and partial rostrum, and the paratypes, CPP 1234, partial skull, CPP 1236, nearly complete rostrum and CPP 1237, partial skull (including mandible) and associated postcranial skeleton. Campinasuchus is the fifth baurusuchid species from the Adamantina Formation to date.

 Campinasuchus, like other baurusuchids, was a fully terrestrial predator. It has a deep and laterally compressed skull with large, blade-like teeth. Compared to other baurusuchids, it has a very short, low snout. It is much narrower than the back of the skull. Its upper margin is also lower than the back of the skull, giving the head a slightly sloping profile (other baurusuchids have high snouts that are level with the rest of the skull). The third maxillary tooth of the upper jaw and the fourth dentary tooth of the lower jaw are greatly enlarged. A small pit on the premaxilla accommodates the first tooth of the mandible when the jaws are closed. This pit is positioned between the first and second premaxillary teeth. A deep notch forms the boundary between the premaxilla and maxilla, and provides an opening for the large fourth dentary tooth of the lower jaw. The supratemporal fenestrae, holes at the back of the skull, are relatively small. In other baurusuchids, the fenestrae are almost as large as the eye sockets.

 Campinasuchus was first named by Ismar De Souza Carvalho, Vicente De Paula Antunes Teixeira, Mara Lúcia Da Fonseca Ferraz, Luiz Carlos Borges Ribeiro, Agustín Guillermo Martinelli, Francisco Macedo Neto, Joseph J. W. Sertich, Gabriel Cardoso Cunha, Isabella Cardoso Cunha and Partícia Fonseca Ferraz in 2011 and the type species is Campinasuchus dinizi. The generic name is derived from Campina in reference to Campina Verde County in which Campinasuchus was found, and suchus, Latinized from the Greek souchos, an Egyptian crocodile god Sebek. The specific name honours the owners of the farm where the specimens were excavated: Izonel Queiroz Diniz Neto and the families Diniz and Martins Queiroz.

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Tags: Вымершие рептилии, Мел, архозавроморфы, архозавры, баурузухиды, диапсиды, зифозухии, крокодиломорфы, круротарзы, мезоэукрокодилии, нотозухии, равизухии, себекозухии

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 Chimaerasuchus ("chimera crocodile") is an extinct genus of Chinese crocodyliform from the Early Cretaceous. The four teeth in the very tip of its short snout gave it a "bucktoothed" appearance. Due its multicusped teeth and marked heterodonty, it is believed to have been an herbivore.

 Древние крокодилы, обитавшие на нашей планете вместе с динозаврами, были куда более широко распространены, чем сейчас. В те далекие времена среди них встречались и огромные океанические формы с плавательными перепонками на лапах, и наземные формы с длинными конечностями, которые могли бегать за своей добычей и даже лазать на деревья. Недавние находки ученых свидетельствуют о том, что в те времена жили на Земле даже крокодилы-вегетарианцы.

 Несколько лет назад в Китае были обнаружены останки мелкого крокодила мелового периода, который получил латинское имя Chimaerasuchus (крокодил-химера) благодаря своим весьма причудливым широким и тупым зубам, которые больше напоминали коренные зубы млекопитающих. Такие зубы да еще короткая тяжелая морда позволили предположить, что рептилия питалась растениями. В скором времени были сделаны и другие подобные находки. Другой крокодил мелового периода, найденный на Мадагаскаре и названный Simosuchus (от греч. simo – свиной нос, пятачок), обладал коротким квадратным рылом и округлыми зубами с зубчатым краем. Подобные зубы встречались у растительноядных динозавров, а сейчас их можно увидеть у игуан.

 Совершенно не удивительно, что в меловом периоде с его огромным разнообразием хищных рептилий некоторые крокодилы небольших размеров «решили», напротив, стать вегетарианцами. Хотя при этом им пришлось избегать встреч со своими более крупными и кровожадными сородичами.

 Chimaerasuchidae ("Chimera crocodiles") is a family of mesoeucrocodylians. It was erected as a clade in 2004 by Carvalho et al and included Chimaerasuchus from the Early Cretaceous of China and Simosuchus from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. The validity of the clade has been questioned in later studies that found the two genera to be more distantly related.

 In the phylogenetic analysis of Carvalho et al, the family contained Chimaerasuchus and Simosuchus, two genera of small (~1 metre long), possibly herbivorous crocodyliforms from the Cretaceous. Both had short-snouted heads with multicusped teeth. Carvalho et al placed Chimaerasuchidae within a new clade of mesoeucrocodylians called Gondwanasuchia. It was the sister taxon of Notosuchimorpha, another newly erected clade that contained notosuchias, sebecosuchians, and peirosaurids.

 The Carvalho et al. (2004) paper phylogeny did not include neosuchians in the analysis. Neosuchians and notosuchians are the two major clades of mesoeucrocodylians. When neosuchians are included in analyses with Simosuchus and Chimaerasuchus, the two genera do not appear as sister taxa (Pol 2003; Candeiro & Martinelli 2006). In fact Chimaerasuchus has been found to be the sister taxon of Sphagesaurus. Sphagesaurus is often assigned its own family, Sphagesauridae. If Chimaerasuchus belongs to Shagesauridae, Chimaerasuchidae would be a junior synonym of Sphagesauridae. This is because Sphagesauridae was named before Chimaerasuchidae, and under ICZN rules, the oldest name has priority.

 In a recent contribution, Marinho & Carvalho (2007) did a revision of Sphagesauridae and noticed that Chimaerasuchus does not have any of the synapomorphies of this family that was originally erected by Kuhn (1968). In this new paper, the authors propose an emended diagnosis for the Sphagesauridae, pointing new synapomorphies for this taxon and propose that the Chimaerasuchidae would be a valid family in spite of the poor phylogenetic analysis of Carvalho et al. (2004) paper.

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Tags: Вымершие рептилии, Мел, архозавроморфы, архозавры, диапсиды, зифозухии, крокодиломорфы, круротарзы, мезоэукрокодилии, нотозухии, равизухии, химеразухиды

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