Mawsonia is an extinct genus of prehistoric coelacanth fish, and the largest of this group, up to several metres long.

 It lived during the Cretaceous period (Albian stage, about 99 to 112 million years ago). Fossils have been found in Africa and South America. Mawsonia was first described by British palaeontologist Arthur Smith Woodward in 1907.

 Six species of this Early Cretaceous coelacanth have been unearthed in South America and Africa. The largest of all Coelacanths were over three meters long. However, most fossil remains include only the skull or some portion thereof, making this the only complete specimen of Mawsonia in the world.

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