Oestocephalus is an extinct genus of aïstopod lepospondyl that lived during the Carboniferous period. Fossils have been found from the Czech Republic as well as Ohio and Illinois in the United States. It is the type genus of the family Oestocephalidae, although it was previously assigned to the family Ophiderpetontidae, which is now considered paraphyletic. It was first named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1868 and now contains two species, O. amphiuminus and O. nanum.

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