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Русские эмали. Овчинников Павел Акимович (Россия, 1830 - 1888)
То тут, то там встречаются посты с «красивыми картинками» эмалей без истинного уважения к предмету. Назрела, ох как назрела необходимость разобраться в видах и техниках эмалей. Рассказать о великих эмальерах, чьи изысканные произведения искусства сквозь века поражают яркостью и чистотой цвета. Иван Петрович Хлебников, Фёдор Иванович Рюкерт, Василий Семёнович Семёнов и его наследница Мария Семёнова, Иван Дмитриевич Салтыков, братья Грачёвы, Павел Фёдорович Сазиков, Антип Кузьмичёв, и многие другие. Не одним Фаберже Русь славилась!
Человек яркой и необычной судьбы, крепостной князя Волконского, в 20 лет основавший собственную мастерскую, а в 35 ставший Поставщиком Императорского двора с правом ставить изображения двуглавого орла на свои изделия
Овчинников Павел Акимович 1830 - 1888
![](https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-fyvONIfHdyI/UQYoatmF_MI/AAAAAAAAEBw/_Ekt3ql8UOo/s380/%25D0%259E%25D0%25B2%25D1%2587%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%2520%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%2520%25D0%2590%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%2520%2528%25D0%25A0%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%252C%25201830-1888%2529.jpg) родился 23 июня 1830 года в семье подмосковных крепостных крестьян князя Волконского. Расторопность и понятливость Павла скоро обратили на себя внимание князя, который, присмотревшись к мальчику поближе, нашел в нем замечательные способности к рисованию. Для систематического развития художественных способностей он был отправлен в Москву, где, впрочем, он поступил не в рисовальную школу, а в мастерскую золотых и серебряных изделий, принадлежавшую его родному брату. Там он пробыл 6 лет в качестве подмастерья. Вероятно, оказавшись талантливым учеником и способным предпринимателем, он смог со временем получить вольную. Выгодно женившись, Павел Акимович на приданое жены в 1850 году завел свою мастерскую. Чуть позже к нему перешло дело брата, и в 1853 году открылась фирма «П. Овчинников». Уже через год в фирме трудилось 400 человек и ее оборот достиг полутора миллионов рублей. В следующие годы оборот продолжал расти быстро и последовательно. Соответственно ему увеличивалось и число занятых на фабрике рабочих рук. Так, в 1854 году у Овчинникова работало 400 человек, в 1855 уже 600. Считается, что он впервые заявил о себе на выставке в Москве в 1865 году, где представил эмалевые изделия в национальном «русском» стиле. Однако уместнее было говорить о том, что он занял причитающееся ему место среди настоящих мастеров.
По итогам выставки он получил золотую медаль и звание Поставщика Императорского двора с правом ставить изображения двуглавого орла на свои изделия от наследника престола цесаревича Александра Александровича. В 1873 году Овчинников открывает филиал фирмы в Петербурге.
Расцвет фирмы приходится на 70-80 годы XIX столетия. Свое производство Павел Акимович поставил на высочайший художественный уровень, постоянно совершенствовал технику ювелирного дела. Большинство изделий, выполненных в традициях русских мастеров, при этом отвечали вполне насущным потребностям покупателей того времени. На фабрике делали как предметы быта: посуду, письменные приборы, ларцы, альбомы, портсигары, так и религиозную утварь: потиры, складни, оклады для богослужебных книг и икон.
Павел Акимович Овчинников привлек к сотрудничеству самых известных в то время скульпторов и рисовальщиков - А. Жуковского, Е. Лансере, В. Гартмана, Д. Чичагова, В. Боровского, И. Монигетти. По рисункам Л.Даля и В.Васнецова были исполнены фрагменты убранства Храма Христа Спасителя в Москве.
Фирма Овчинникова одной из первых стала развивать эмалевое дело в России. В создании эмалей использовались орнаменты, взятые из древних рукописей, рисунки художников прошлых лет и современности. Изделия с эмалью стали визитной карточкой фирмы.
Павел Акимович скончался 7 апреля 1888 года, и погребён в Москве на Калитниковском кладбище.
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После смерти Павла Акимовича фирма перешла к его сыновьям, Михаилу Павловичу (- 1915), Александру Паловичу, старшему в деле Павлу Павловичу и Николаю.
Александр Павлович Овчинников заведовал фабрикой в Москве, адрес: Таганка, дом Лежнева, магазин – Кузнецкий мост, дом 1-го Страхового Российского общества. Имели так же магазин в Петербурге по адресу: в 1874 – Б. Морская, 35; затем в 1900 Морская ул., 29 (бывший дом Сазиковых).
Фирма просуществовала до 1917 года.
Ковши, братины и ендовы производства мастерской Павла Овчинникова
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![](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-z-O_AzyWhw0/UQYoZOT4XmI/AAAAAAAAEBg/o1jTXoeqqbk/s900/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F%2520%25D0%259E%25D0%25B2%25D1%2587%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%2520%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%2520%25D0%2590%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B0%2520%2528%25D0%25A0%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%252C%25201830-1888%2529%2520%25C2%25AB%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D1%2587%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25C2%25BB.jpg)
![](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-mmJoPrzmI80/UQYoWwDdJdI/AAAAAAAAEBU/71egUveBD88/s900/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F%2520%25D0%259E%25D0%25B2%25D1%2587%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%2520%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%2520%25D0%2590%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B0%2520%2528%25D0%25A0%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%252C%25201830-1888%2529%2520%25C2%25AB%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D1%2587%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25C2%25BB.jpeg)
![](https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-3aqhFoQA6UQ/UQYoLCPS8RI/AAAAAAAAEAo/v41BNueYLQA/s900/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F%2520%25D0%259E%25D0%25B2%25D1%2587%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%2520%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%2520%25D0%2590%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B0%2520%2528%25D0%25A0%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%252C%25201830-1888%2529%2520%25C2%25AB%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D1%2588%25C2%25BB%2520%25284%2529.jpg)
![](https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-nYWgzu66KO0/UQYnnNUpizI/AAAAAAAAD90/T1XPV8PK5WY/s900/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F%2520%25D0%259E%25D0%25B2%25D1%2587%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%2520%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%2520%25D0%2590%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B0%2520%2528%25D0%25A0%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%252C%25201830-1888%2529%2520%25C2%25AB%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D1%2588%25C2%25BB%2520%252813%2529.jpg)
![](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-gWgrMYBbk5w/UQYnpKE8sfI/AAAAAAAAD98/jEeuKl-Xeao/s900/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F%2520%25D0%259E%25D0%25B2%25D1%2587%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%2520%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%2520%25D0%2590%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B0%2520%2528%25D0%25A0%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%252C%25201830-1888%2529%2520%25C2%25AB%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D1%2588%25C2%25BB%2520%252814%2529.jpg)
А.А. Половцов «Русский биографический словарь» Том 17, Стр. 83-84:
![](https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-C_4AU3VJ20M/UQYvHFNijWI/AAAAAAAAECg/qqxtbRTfqsE/s1000/%25D0%2590.%25D0%2590.%2520%25D0%259F%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D1%2586%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2.%2520%25D0%25A0%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2520%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2520%25D1%2581%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%258C.%2520%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%252017%252C%2520%25D0%25A1%25D1%2582%25D1%2580.%252083-84%2520%25281%2529.jpg)
![](https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-aptbLxodi2E/UQYvCGGJs4I/AAAAAAAAECY/XK_9sXWZwO4/s1000/%25D0%2590.%25D0%2590.%2520%25D0%259F%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D1%2586%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2.%2520%25D0%25A0%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2520%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2520%25D1%2581%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%258C.%2520%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%252017%252C%2520%25D0%25A1%25D1%2582%25D1%2580.%252083-84%2520%25282%2529.jpg)
+ Коллекция произведений фирмы Павла Овчинникова в собрании Гохрана России
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