https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_stock = ordinary share = voting share = equity share
rights: 1) share profit 2) vote on corporate policy 3) on board composition
(formally) share in assets
liquidation: after bondholders, creditors (including employees), and preferred stockholders
bankruptcy: typically receive nothing
riskier, more capital appreciation, outperform in long-term, short-term volatile
rights: of company's jurisdiction, not company's
can be shareholders' agreements
us: can have voting+nonvoting
some countries prohibit mixing
preemptive rights against dilution (holding proportion)
dividend uncertain
"Class B Common Stock" - super-voting series

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Обыкновенная_акция
доля в уставном капитале АО
дивиденды по решению Собрания акционеров и Совета директоров (Наблюдательного совета)
после привилегированных акций
ограничения на выплату дивидендов могут быть введены действующим национальным законодательством
в России запрещена выплата дивидендов, если за отчётный период финансовая отчётность не показывает чистую прибыль предприятия или в случае наличия судебных решений (в т.ч. международных арбитражных судов)

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commonstock.asp
ownership without possession
reported in balance sheet
value stocks - low in price wrt fundamentals, dividend
growth stocks - increase due to growing earnings, no dividend
many issue all 3 types (+bonds, +preferred)
unlisted stocks traded on OTCBB or pink sheets
before IPO: must work with an underwriting investment banking firm, which helps determine 1) type 2) pricing
large-cap traded more, small-cap more volatile