And the Pursuit of Happiness - June 8th, 2008 [entries|archive|friends|userinfo]
Евгений Вассерштром

[ userinfo | ljr userinfo ]
[ archive | journal archive ]

June 8th, 2008

Distributive Justice - 1 [Jun. 8th, 2008|09:40 am]
Несколько дней назад обнаружил в журнале [info]ivanov-petrov@lj краткое изложение сокращенного русского перевода статьи в Science о том, как нейрологи изучают работу мозга, когда он решает проблему "добра и справедливости". Статья называется "The Right and the Good: Distributive Justice and Neural Encoding of Equity and Efficiency." ( Ming Hsu, Cédric Anen,2 Steven R. Quartz. Science 320, 1092 2008).

Раньше над этим ломали голову философы ( хорошо было бы заглянуть им в мозги и посмотреть, что там происходило), а теперь за дело взялись биологи, физики и математики.

Статья тем более интересная, что она определенным образом дополняет математическую модель работы мозга, предложенную сравнительно недавно Карлом Фристоном ( A free energy principle for the brain. Karl Friston, et all. Journal of Physiology - Paris 100 (2006) 70–87.)

Кроме того, она касается вопросов взаимодействия ( какое скучное слово - "взаимодействие"! английское interaction или даже interplay подошло бы гораздо лучше.) эмоций и рассудка. Здесь, она стыкуется с работами Канемана и других о психологии принятия решений. ( см. например. Representativeness revisited: Attribute substitution in intuitive judgment. Daniel Kahneman and Shane Frederick. Princeton University. August 2, 2001).

Когда смотришь на эту работу о фило-психо-био-физике решений этических проблем в контексте современных знаний о мозге и информации, то ужасно хочется, если не написать книжку, то хотя бы подумать над тремя темами:

1. Откуда берутся и как формулируются вопросы вроде "Как делить? По-честному или по справедливости?" Тут можно прогуляться по истории и литературе. Обсудить библейские притчи, рассказ "The Pardoner's Tale" by Chaucer, и некоторые философские теории. Дальше посмотреть, как эмоции работают с рациональным мышлением. Потом покопаться в самом эксперименте описанном в статье и разобраться в очень важных тонкостях, которые выпали из кратких изложений.

2. Дальше: распространение информации о статье в ЖЖ ( сокращения, обсуждение, интерпретации, ссылки и прочее) - необыкновенно увлекательное занятие. Здесь можно проследить, как работает испорченный телефон восприятия научных результатов; что теряется и что остается при переходе из англо-язычного научного журнала в комментарий в блоге. Отличный пример для раздела "экономика внимания".

3. Quo vadis? Самое интересно, конечно, посмотреть куда это все движется и какие новые направления исследований возникают из работы Hsu сотоварищи. Почему, например, традиционное "причинно-следственное" мышление заходит в тупик, когда анализирует сложные этические проблемы, и как с этим можно бороться.

Попробую заняться в ближайшие годы, месяцы, недели, дни.
Link2 comments|Leave a comment

Chaucer. The Pardoner's Tale. ( Distributive Justice - 2) [Jun. 8th, 2008|03:00 pm]
http://www.umm.maine.edu/faculty/necastro/chaucer/translation/ct/15pardt.html
... )

When they had gone only a little way, just as they were climbing over a fence, an old and poor man met them, and greeted them meekly, and said, "Now, gentle people, God be with you!" 715

The proudest of these three revelers answered, "What, churl, bad luck to you! Why are you completely wrapped up except your face? Why live you so long to such a great age?" 719

This old man began to peer into his face, and said, "Because I cannot find a man, even if I should walk from here to India, in city or in village, who will exchange his youth for my age. And therefore I must keep my old age as long as it is God's will. Alas, death will not take me! Thus I walk, a restless wretch, and thus day and night I knock with my staff upon the ground, which is my mother's gate, and say, "Dear mother, let me in. Lo, how I vanish away, flesh and skin and blood! Alas, when shall my bones be at peace? Mother, I would exchange my chest with you, which has been long time in my chamber, yes, for a hair-cloth shroud to wrap myself in!" But still she will not do me that favor; wherefore my face is pale and withered. 738

But sirs, it is not a courteous thing to speak rudely to an old man, unless he should trespass in act or word. You may read yourselves in Holy Scripture, "Before an old hoary head man you shall arise." For this reason I counsel you, do no harm now to an old man, no more than you would like it to be done to you in your old age, if you remain so long. And now God be with you, wherever you may walk or ride; I must go where I have to go. 749

"Nay, old churl, not so fast, by God," said this second gambler without delay. "By St. John, you shall not depart so easily! You spoke just now of that traitor Death who slays all our friends in this country-side. By my word, you are his spy! Tell where he is, or, by God and the Holy Sacrament, you shall pay for it. Truly you are in conspiracy with him to slay us young people, false thief." 759

"Now sirs," he said, "if you are so glad to find Death, turn up this crooked path; for by my faith I left him in that grove under a tree, and there he will wait, and for all your boasting will he hide. Do you see that oak? There you shall find him. May God, Who redeemed mankind, save you and amend you!" Thus spoke this old creature. 767

And each of these revelers ran until he came to that tree, and there they found nearly eight bushels, as it seemed to them, of florins coined of fine round gold. They no longer sought then after Death, but each was so glad at the sight, for the florins were so beautiful and bright, that they sat themselves down by this precious hoard. 775

The worst of them spoke the first word. "Brethren," he said, "heed what I say; though I jest often and make sport, I have a good mind. Now Fortune has given us this treasure so that we may live the rest of our lives in mirth and jollity, and as easily as it comes, so too we will spend it. Ah! God's precious dignity! Who would have thought today that we should have so wonderful a grace! Could this gold be but carried from here to my house or else to yours--for you know well all this gold is ours--then would we be in great joy. But truly it may not be done during the day. People would call us harsh thieves and hang us for our own treasure. It must be carried by night, as wisely and slyly as can be. Therefore I advise that we draw straws among us all, and he that draws the shortest shall run with a happy heart to the town and do so quickly, and secretly bring us wine and bread. And two of us shall secretly guard this treasure, and at night, if he does not delay, we will carry it where we all agree is safest." 801

One of them brought the straws in his fist and told them to draw, and see where the lot would fall. It fell to the youngest of them and he went forth without delay toward the town. As soon as he was gone, the second said to the third, "You well know you are my sworn brother, and now I will tell you something to your advantage. Here is a great abundance of gold to divide among the three of us; and you know well our friend is gone. Now if I can plan it so that it will be divided among the two of us, will I not have done you a friendly turn?" 815
... )
LinkLeave a comment

Distributive Justice - 3 [Jun. 8th, 2008|10:05 pm]
The Parable of the Talents ( Matthew 25:14)

14 "Again, it will be like a man going on a journey, who called his servants and entrusted his property to them. To one he gave five talents[a] of money, to another two talents, and to another one talent, each according to his ability. Then he went on his journey. The man who had received the five talents went at once and put his money to work and gained five more. So also, the one with the two talents gained two more. But the man who had received the one talent went off, dug a hole in the ground and hid his master's money.
14 Ибо [Он поступит], как человек, который, отправляясь в чужую страну, призвал рабов своих и поручил им имение свое:
15 и одному дал он пять талантов, другому два, иному один, каждому по его силе; и тотчас отправился.
... )
LinkLeave a comment

Distributive Justice - 4 [Jun. 8th, 2008|10:27 pm]
Puss In Boots"

Once upon a time . . . a miller died leaving the mill to his eldest son,
his donkey to his second son and . . . a cat to his youngest son.
"Now that's some difference!" you might say; but there you are, that's how
the miller was!
The eldest son kept the mill, the second son took the donkey and set off in
search of his fortune . . . while the third sat down on a stone and sighed,
"A cat! What am I going to do with that?"



Было у мельника три сына, и оставил он им, умирая, всего только мельницу, осла и кота.

Братья поделили между собой отцовское добро без нотариуса и судьи, которые бы живо проглотили всё их небогатое наследство.
Старшему досталась мельница. Среднему осёл. Ну а уж младшему пришлось взять себе кота.
Бедняга долго не мог утешиться, получив такую жалкую долю наследства.
Братья, говорил он, – могут честно зарабатывать себе на хлеб, если только будут держаться вместе. А что станется со мною после того, как я съем своего кота и сделаю из его шкурки муфту?
LinkLeave a comment

navigation
[ viewing | June 8th, 2008 ]
[ go | Previous Day|Next Day ]