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Experimental results starting in the late 1970s demonstrated that group selection was far more effective than theoretical models ever would have predicted (e.g., Wade 1977). A review of this experimental work has shown that the early group selection models were flawed because they assumed that genes acted independently, whereas in the experimental work it was apparent that gene interaction, and more importantly, genetically based interactions among individuals, were an important source of the response to group selection (e.g., Goodnight and Stevens 1997). As a result many are beginning to recognize that group selection, or more appropriately multilevel selection, is potentially an important force in evolution.