Ахиллобатор (Achillobator) — род динозавров, принадлежавший семейству дромеозавриды.

 Ахиллобатор обитал на территории современной Монголии около 90 миллионов лет назад. Известен только один вид данного рода - Achillobator giganticus. Название этого динозавра состоит из двух слов - имени героя Троянской войны Ахилла и монгольского слова "bator", означающего "воин" или "герой". Видовое название "giganticus" было присвоено этому ящеру благодаря тому, что ахиллобатор значительно превосходит размерами большинство дромеозаврид. Длина ахиллобатара составляла примерно от 4,6 до 6 метров, что делает его вторым по величине в размерном классе среди дромеозаврид после ютараптора.

 Achillobator (/əˌkɪləˈbaɪtɔr/ a-KILL-ə-BAY-tohr) is a dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaur that lived roughly 98 to 83 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous in what is now Mongolia, in Asia. It was among the largest dromaeosaurs; the holotype and only known individual of Achillobator is estimated at 5 to 6 m (16.4 to 19.7 ft) long. Achillobator was a moderately-built, ground-dwelling, bipedal carnivore. It would have been an active predator, hunting with the enlarged, sickle-shaped claw on the second toe.

 The fossils of the type specimen of Achillobator, FR.MNUFR 15, were found associated but mostly disarticulated, and include a left maxilla with teeth, two cervical vertebrae, two dorsal vertebrae, rib fragments, seven caudal vertebrae, a scapula and coracoid, a pelvis with a right ilium, pubis and ischium, a radius, an incomplete manus, a left femur and tibia, and an incomplete pes. Smith at al. (2012) noted that this genus represents the second largest of the known dromaeosaurid taxa with a tibial length of 490 mm. Its femur, which is 3% longer than the tibia, a rare trait in Dromaeosaurs, measures 505 mm in length. Estimates suggest that Achillobator weighed 350 kilograms (771.6 pounds) at most. The teeth are serrated and recurved, and the posterior serrations are slightly larger than the anterior serrations.

 The pelvis of Achillobator seems to show plesiomorphic ("primitive") saurischian characteristics compared to other dromaeosaurids. For instance, the pubis is aligned vertically and has a large pubic boot (a wide expansion at the end), unlike most other dromaeosaurids, where there is a much smaller boot, if any, and the pubis points backwards in the same direction as the ischium (a condition called opisthopuby, which is also seen in the unrelated therizinosaurs and ornithischians, as well as in birds).

 The above differences and others led Burnham et al. (2000) to suggest that Achillobator represents a paleontological chimera. However, other studies have attempted to refute this, noting that many pieces were found to be semi-articulated, all of the elements are the same color and preservation, and that Achillobator routinely comes out as a dromaeosaurid in cladistic analyses, even taking into account the differences.

 Achillobator is a dromaeosaurid, a family of dinosaurs currently thought to be very closely related to birds. While the relationship of dromaeosaurids to other theropods (including birds) is relatively well-understood, the phylogeny within the family itself is not. The more recent phylogenetic analyses, conducted by Longrich and Currie (2009) and Senter et al. (2012) show that Achillobator is a member of the subfamily Dromaeosaurinae, most closely related to North American forms like Utahraptor and Dromaeosaurus. Deinonychus and Velociraptor are also dromaeosaurids, but appear to represent a different branch of the family.

 A diagnosis is a statement of the anatomical features of an organism (or group) that collectively distinguish it from all other organisms. Some, but not all, of the features in a diagnosis are also autapomorphies. An autapomorphy is a distinctive anatomical feature that is unique to a given organism or group.

 According to the revised diagnosis by Turner et al. (2012), Achillobator can be distinguished based on the following combination of characteristics and autapomorphies:

• the promaxillary fenestra is completely exposed
• the promaxillary and maxillary fenestra are elongate and vertically oriented at same level in the maxilla*
• metatarsal III is wide proximally
• the femur is longer than the tibia
• the pelvis is propubic
• the obturator process on the ischium is large and triangular, and is situated on the proximal half of ischial shaft
• the boot at distal symphysis of pubis is both cranially and caudally developed.

 The remains of Achillobator were recovered in the Bayan Shireh Formation of Dornogovi Province, Mongolia, in fine-grained, medium sandstone/gray mudstone that was deposited during the Late Cretaceous epoch. The exact age is uncertain, with two competing hypotheses; based on comparisons with other formations, the Bayan Shireh fauna seems to correspond best with the Turonian through early Campanian stages of the Late Cretaceous, about 93 to 80 million years ago. However, examination of the magnetostratigraphy of the formation seems to confirm that the entire Bayan Shireh lies within the Cretaceous Long Normal, which lasted only until the end of the Santonian stage, giving a possible Cenomanian through Santonian age, or between 98 and 83 million years ago.

 The paleofauna of the Bayan Shireh Formation included the tyrannosaurid Alectrosaurus, the therizinosaurid Segnosaurus, the ankylosaurid Talarurus, the hadrosaurid Bactrosaurus, as well as a genus of sauropod, and an azhdarchid pterosaur.

 Репродукции (1, 2, 3, 4, 5):

 Размеры тела в сравнении с человеком:

 Найденные части скелета:

Tags: Вымершие рептилии, Мел, авеметатарзалии, архозавроморфы, архозавры, дейнонихозавры, диапсиды, динозавроморфы, динозавры, дромеозавриды, манирапторы, тероподы, целурозавры, ящеротазовые

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