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Ненавижу мужиков-терпил

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Ненавижу мужиков-терпил

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 Kuehneosaurus is an extinct genus of Late Triassic reptile from the United Kingdom. Measuring 72 centimetres long (2.3 feet), it had "wings" formed from ribs which jutted out from its body by as much as 14.3 cm, connected by a membrane which allowed it to slow its descent when jumping from trees. It is a member of a family of gliding reptiles, the Kuehneosauridae, within the larger group Lepidosauromorpha, which also contains modern lizards and tuatara.

 Unlike its longer "winged" relative Kuehneosuchus (which may be a species of the same genus or represent a different sexual morph), aerodynamic studies have shown that Kuehneosaurus was probably not a glider, but instead used its elongated ribs to parachute from the trees. A study by Stein et al. in 2008 found that its parachuting speed, descending at a 45-degree angle, would be between 10 and 12 metres per second. Pitch was controlled by lappets (wattle-like flaps of skin) on the hyoid apparatus, as in the modern gliding lizard Draco.

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 Icarosaurus (meaning "Icarus lizard") is a genus of reptile from the Late Triassic (Carnian age) Lower Lockatong Formation of New Jersey, dated to around 228 million years ago. It is closely related to lizards and the tuatara. Based on a partial skeleton missing part of the tail, some ribs, a hand, and parts of the legs, it was a small animal, about 10 centimeters (4 in) long from the skull to the hips. Like its relative Kuehneosaurus, it was able to glide short distances using 'wings' consisting of highly elongated ribs covered with skin, with the upper surface convex and the lower surface concave, thus creating a simple airfoil structure well-suited to gliding. This method of gliding is also seen in Coelurosauravus and the modern Draco, neither of which are closely related to Icarosaurus.

 The only known fossil skeleton which definitely belongs to Icarosaurus was found in 1960 in North Bergen, New Jersey by Alfred Siefker, a teenager at the time, who stumbled upon the specimen while exploring a quarry. Seifker brought the specimen to scientists at the American Museum of Natural History in New York for identification and preparation. It was described by paleontologist Edwin Harris Colbert in 1966, who named it Icarosaurus siefkeri in honor of Siefker.

 The kuehneosaurids were a group of small, lizard-like diapsids including Icarosaurus and Kuehneosaurus. They were distinguished from other diapsids by their 'wings', which were really sails of skin held up by bony struts similar to ribs. These sails would have served as gliding tools, but the Kuehneosaurids were incapable of powered flight. They were most likely insectivorous, judging from their pin-like teeth. The oldest known member is Pamelina.

 Rhabdopelix may have been a kuehneosaurid; however, the fossils were lost, and the characteristics described are not entirely consistent with the other family members.

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 Clevosaurus (CLEE-vo-SORE-us) ("Gloucester lizard") is an extinct genus of sphenodontian reptile from the Triassic and the Jurassic periods of Nova Scotia, Great Britain, (C. bairdi) and Yunnan (C. mcgilli). Clevosaurus was extremely similar to the modern tuatara in almost every way; the two genera differ in only certain features of the teeth and skull anatomies, as well as size. Clevosaurus was smaller than the modern Tuatara. Clevosaurus possibly ate plants as well as insects, as suggested by the form of the teeth. Fossils of Clevosaurus, as well as other sphenodontians, early mammals and dinosaurs have been found in ancient cave systems of Great Britain. Clevosaurus is now believed to have had Pangaean distribution.

 Some fossils from South America (into Geopark of Paleorrota) found in 2006 represent a new species of Clevosaurus (C. brasiliensis).

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 Brachyrhinodon is an extinct genus of sphenodontian from the Triassic of Scotland .

 Sphenodontia is an order of lizard-like reptiles that includes only one living genus, the tuatara (Sphenodon), and only two living species. Despite its current lack of diversity, the Sphenodontia at one time included a wide array of genera in several families, and represents a lineage stretching back to the Mesozoic Era.

 Sphenodonts, and their sister group Squamata (which includes lizards, snakes and amphisbaenians), belong to the superorder Lepidosauria, the only surviving taxon within Lepidosauromorpha. Squamates and sphenodonts both show caudal autotomy (loss of the tail-tip when threatened), and have transverse cloacal slits. The origin of the sphenodonts probably lies close to the split between the Lepidosauromorpha and the Archosauromorpha. Though they resemble lizards, the similarity is superficial, because the group has several characteristics unique among reptiles. The typical lizard shape is very common for the early amniotes; the oldest known fossil of a reptile, the Hylonomus, resembles a modern lizard.

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 Nectosaurus is a genus of marine diapsid reptile which lived during the Late Triassic of what is now California. The type species is N. halinus, described by John C. Merriam in 1905. A 2002 analysis of Nectosaurus classifies it as a thalattosaurian, one of a group of marine reptiles which lived during the Triassic.

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 Thalattosaurus is an extinct genus of marine reptile in the family Thalattosauridae that lived during the Triassic period. It includes two known species.

 Thalattosaurus was a shellfish-eating reptile around 2 meters (7 ft) in length.

 Thalattosauridae (From Ancient Greek, meaning "Ocean lizards") is a family of extinct marine diapsid reptiles which lived along the Pacific coast of Late Triassic North America. Specimens of two genera, Thalattosaurus and Nectosaurus, have been found in California.

 In life, the typical thalattosaur would have resembled a large lizard up to 7 feet in length, half of which being the elongated, flattened tail. Despite resembling lizards, the thalattosaurs' relationships with other diapsids is obscure, with most experts pigeonholing them somewhere between ichthyosaurs and archosaurs. Their closest relative is Askeptosaurus, which was also a marine diapsid from the Triassic.

 There are several recognized genera of thalattosaurs. The larger Thalattosaurus (which contains two species, T. alexandrae and T. shastensis) fed on shellfish, and the smaller Nectosaurus halinus ate fish. In 1993, Nicholls and Brinkman described Paralonectes merriami and Agkistrognathus campbelli from fossils found at Wapiti Lake, British Columbia, extending the known range of the family to what is now Canada.

 Thalattosaurs (meaning "ocean lizards") are a group of prehistoric marine reptiles which lived during the mid-late Triassic Period. Some species of thalattosaur grew to over 4 meters (13 feet) in length, including a long, flattened tail used in underwater propulsion. While they bore a superficial resemblance to lizards, the exact relationships of thalattosaurs is unknown; they are widely accepted as diapsids, but experts have variously placed them on the reptile family tree near ichthyosaurs, archosaurs, or Lepidosauromorpha (lizards and their relatives), or as basal neodiapsids.

 Thalattosaurs have moderate adaptations to marine lifestyles, including long, paddle-like tails and slender bodies. Primitive features of thalattosaurs include the many teeth covering the palate, single-headed ribs, and broad, plate-like coracoid bones. The most unusual features of thalattosaurs are their snouts. Members of one group, the Askeptosauroidea, have long, narrow, pointed skulls. The extended rostra at the end of the skull push back the nostrils so that they are positioned closer to the eye sockets. Most have small teeth but one askeptosauroid, Endennasaurus, is entirely toothless. Members of a second group, Thalattosauroidea, have more distinctive downturned snouts. Clarazia and Thalattosaurus both have snouts that taper into a narrow tip. Most of the snout is straight, but premaxillae at the tip are downturned. Xinpusaurus also has downturned premaxillae, but the end of the maxillae are sharply upturned, forming a notch in the skull. In Hescheleria, Nectosaurus, and Paralonectes, the premaxillae are abruptly downturned at the end of the snout, forming nearly a right angle with the rest of the jaw. In these forms, the end of the snout is a toothy hook separated from the rest of the jaw by a space called a diastema.

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 Askeptosaurus was a very thin, elongated creature, that probably swam like an eel. Its tail was very long, accounting for around half of the animal's total length of 2 metres (6.6 ft), and its webbed feet would have been well suited for steering itself through the water. Judging from its long jaws, it primarily ate fish.

 Askeptosaurus probably hunted in deep waters, because it had large eyes suited to conditions of low light. Like ichthyosaurs, it also had a protective bony ring around the eyes, which would have prevented them from collapsing under the immense water pressure of great depths.

 Этот ящер относится к древнему отряду диапсид - талаттозаврам. Образом жизни  напоминал крокодилов и, видимо, почти всё время жизни проводил в море, выползая на сушу только для того, чтобы отложить яйца. У аскептозавра было стройное тело с длинной шеей и вытянутыми зубастыми челюстями. Вероятно, он плавал, волнообразно извиваясь в воде, как змея или угорь, и помогая себе перепончатыми лапами. Кормом ему служила рыба, за которой ящер, судя по всему, мог довольно глубоко нырять.

 Обитал 220 млн. лет назад в Триасовом периоде в районе современных Италии и Швейцарии. Достигал длины 2 метров и веса в 45 кг.

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